Civics final

A civic duty is something you are required to do by law examples of this are jury duty, taxes, obeying laws.

A civic responsibility is something you should do as a citizen such as voting and being informed.

A Melting Pot is all cultures that make one big culture

a salad bowl is how everybody remains different however being united

John Locke equals limited government and birthrights

Montesquieu equal separation of powers

Voltaire is freedom of speech and religion Jean Jack Russell is social contract plus equality

confederalism states that there is no federal government and states have all the power

federalism states that the federal government has the most power

The Great Compromise of 1787 says that representation between smaller and larger States and created a bicameral legislature

The First Amendment gives five basic rights press speech religion and more the right to practice a religion a person chooses is called the free exercise clause

the 10th Amendment says that powers not given to the federal government are for the states/people

the 14th Amendment defines citizenship and says all people born and naturalized in the us or US citizens

the 24th amendment outlawed poll taxes and literacy tests for voting to eliminate racially motivated barriers

the 22nd amendment limited the amount of terms for a president

general elections are for public office such as Senator presidents and governors

primary elections are for political parties to choose candidates that will represent a certain party

midterm elections are the middle of presidents for your term and elect's House of Representatives and the 1/3 of the Senate

article one of the US Constitution outline the powers and requirements of the legislative branch

delegated powers are directly given by the federal government based on the Constitution

concurrent powers are both power shared by the federal government and state governments

reserve powers are reserved to the states and people of the United States of America based on the 10th Amendment and the Constitution

examples of delegated powers are declaring war coining money and Army and Navy

concurrent powers are loving taxes borrowing money in establishing courts

reserve powers are making Public Schools conducting elections and the local government process

the qualifications for a senator are to be 30 years old, a US citizen for 9 years, and reside the state elected to represent in

the qualifications to be a representative are to be 25 years old, a US citizen for 7 years, and live in the state you represent

the Senate has the power to ratify treaties hold impeachment trials

the House of Representatives have the power to do budget proposals and raise bills of Revenue

senators and representatives are not a lot of serve in any other civil office to make sure and maintain the separation of powers and checks and balances

the second article of the US Constitution outlines the powers and requirements for the executive branch

to be the president you must be born on US soil, 35 years old, and reside in the US for 14 years

economic sanctions can limit trade and transactions the executive branch can pass executive orders to freeze assets and stop trade and more

the third article in the US Constitution outlines the powers and requirements of the Judicial branch

Marbury versus Madison was important because it established judicial review in the Supreme Court the significance of this was it basically enforce the idea of checks and balances and gave the Supreme Court power to review allows for their constitutionality

Texas V Johnson was a case where Johnson was arrested for burning a US flag and convicted under Texas law however he was exercising freedom of speech this allowed the Supreme Court to protect free speech no even if you may not agree with it

Brian be bored of Education Brown denied admission to a white school and said segregated schools are unequal it overturned plus TV Ferguson and was a breakthrough for segregation

Miranda versus Arizona established Miranda rights and allowed for criminals to be informed of their rights as Miranda was arrested based on a confession however it was not informed of his rights

judicial activism is when judges interpret the Constitution Beyond its intent to encourage change

judicial restraint is when judges interpret the law as close as possible to the Constitution

in a Civil Trial there's a plaintiff who initiates the lawsuit in a defendant who's being sued and denies or argues the allegations

in a criminal trial there is the prosecution who proves the defendant guilty and the defendant who proves innocence or lessons their punishment

in a criminal trial there are four possible results first is hung jury here jurors can't reach decisions in the prosecution decides to Retro drop charges or encourage a plea bargain second is the verdict guilty hear the defendant is guilty of a crime and faces punishment and imprisonment then is a not guilty verdict here the defendant is innocent and free to go without punishment and then lastly there is a pleat bargain where the defendant please guilty for a lesser charge or sentence for their crimes