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Revolution
a forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favour of a new system.
Autocracy
a system of government with one person in absolute power.
the Duma
a legislative body in the ruling assembly of Russia (the state assembly)
Soviet
an elected local, district, or national council in the former Soviet Union.
Proletariat
workers or working-class people
Bourgeousie
the capitalist class who own most of society's wealth and means of production.
Bolsheviks
the majority faction of the Russian Social Democratic Party who wanted revolution instead of gradual democratic change.
Mensheviks
the moderate wing of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party who wanted gradual socialistic development through a parliamentary government
Peasant
a poor farmer of low social status who owns or rents a small piece of land for cultivation
Kulaks
Peasants in Russia wealthy enough to own a farm and hire labor who resisted collectivization and were purged by Stalin.
Populist
someone who strives to appeal to ordinary people who feel that their concerns are disregarded by established elite groups.
Nihilist
modern context: a person who believes that life is meaningless and rejects all religious and moral principles.
russian revolution context: a supporter of an extreme Russian revolutionary party c. 1900 which found nothing to approve of in the established social order.
Gentry
people of good social position
Emancipation
process of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions; liberation.
Kadets
a political party in the Russian Empire that promoted Western constitutional monarchy
April Thesis
Lenin wrote these due to a lack of action by revolutionaries.
Proletariat and peasants to bring about revolution
Immediate peace
Seizure of gentry land
All power to soviets
Seizure of factories, means of production and profit
“Peace, Bread, and Land”
Provisional Government
Aka emergency government, transitional government
Meant to be temporary until elections
Soviet and duma got together and declared it, made up of mostly moderates and a couple radical soviets
Promised:
Constituent assembly with universal secret ballot
To legalize strikes
Abdicated
(of a monarch) renounce one's throne.
Comissar
an official of the Communist Party responsible for political education and organization.
Politburo
the principal policy making committee in the former Soviet Union, founded in 1917.
Orgburo
The Organizational Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union existed from 1919 to 1952
Secretariat
a permanent administrative office or department, especially a governmental one.
White Armies
The counter revolutionary armies that fought against the red army
Red Army
the army and air force of the Bolshevik Party
Comintern
The Communist International was an international organization founded in 1919 that advocated world communism, and which was led and controlled by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
War communism
War communism was the economic and political system that existed in Soviet Russia during the Russian Civil War from 1918 to 1921.
Included:
Nationalization of all industries and the introduction of strict centralized management
State control of like everything
Requisition of agricultural surplus
Kronstadt Rebellion (2.0)
Sailor rebellion against war communism and the bolsheviks in 1921. Trotsky sent red army over the frozen sea to crush the rebellion.
New Economic Policy (NEP)
Government stopped taking food from peasants
Small factories privatized
New rouble
Created Kulaks (again) and Nepmen
Party members who were very communist opposed NEP because it’s soft capitalism
Nepmen
Caused by NEP. (soft capitalism)
They earned their living off of trading between peasants and city.
Collectivization
peasantry were forced to give up their individual farms and join large collective farm
Command Economy
an economy in which production, investment, prices, and incomes are determined centrally by a government.
Gulags
a system of labor camps maintained in the Soviet Union from 1930 to 1955 in which many people died.
Show Trials
A show trial is a public trial in which the guilt or innocence of the defendant has already been determined.
Purge
When Stalin removed (removing, imprisoning, executing) people from the Communist Party or Army/Police
Cult of Personality
a situation in which a public figure is deliberately presented to the people of a country as a great person who should be admired and loved
Tsar Nicholas II
Tsar Nicholas II was the last Emperor of Russia until his abdication on 15 March 1917.
Known for:
General failure
Anastasia :0
Peter Stolypin
The third prime minister and the interior minister of the Russian Empire from 1906 until his assassination in 1911
Known for:
Stolypin wanted to reform agriculture in order to modernize Russia and make it more competitive with other European powers.
Supported peasants
Supported Duma
also killing lots of people I doRapn’t remember why
Rasputin
ra ra rasputin lover of the russian queen
Known for:
His parties!!!
gaining lots of influence over tsar’s family
destroying russian government and helping cause the march revolution
Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Lenin was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist.
Known for:
visionary of the revolution
leader of the bolshevik
He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1924 and of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924.
Leon Trotsky
he was a Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician, journalist, and political theorist.
Known for:
being killed by an ice pick (rip)
planned October Revolution
led red army in Russian Civil War
“not a type of horse”- racheal folkerts
Mikhail Rodzianko
Former Chairman of the State Duma of the Russian Federation.
known for:
i don’t know who is this man
Alexander Kerensky
PM of the Russian Provisional Government and the short-lived Russian Republic for three months
known for:
moderate
he tried his best
Lavr Kornilov
A Russian military general
Known for:
General in the Imperial Russian Army during World War I
tried to seize petrograd
General for white army in Russian Civil War.
Joseph Stalin
bolshevik revolutionary
known for:
doing the dirty work of the revolution
leading soviet union after lenin’s death
the purges and terror
