Biology Final

Given the structures: heart, arteries, veins, capillaries - What is the system?

Cardiovascular

Given the structures: brain, spinal cord, neurons - What is the system?

Nervous

Given the structures: kidney, bladder, ureter - What is the system?

Excretory

Given the structures: stomach, esophagus, small intestine - What is the system?

Digestive

Given the structures: lung, trachea, alveoli - What is the system?

Respiratory

What system has the function?--Communicates with and directs activities of other systems.

Nervous

What system has the function?--Balances water and salts and removes waste.

Excretory

What system has the function?--Obtains food and breaks it down into smaller nutrients.

Digestive

What system has the function?--Transports nutrients and waste throughout the body.

Cardiovascular

What system has the function?--Obtains oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.

Respiratory

Name the organ with the following function: filters blood

Kidney

Name the organ with the following function: produces insulin & glucagon

Pancreas

Name the organ with the following function: Stores glucose as glycogen.

Liver

Name the organ with the following function: absorbs nutrients into blood

Small Intestine

The hormone that raises blood glucose is...

Glucagon

The hormone that lowers blood glucose is...

Insulin

The overall shape of DNA.

Double Helix

The monomer of DNA.

Nucleotide

What stage?- The cell is preparing to divide

Interphase

What stage?- The cell is replicating DNA.

Interphase

What stage?- The cell is splitting into two identical daughter cells.

Mitosis/ Cytokinesis

What stage?- The nucleus disappears and the chromosomes form.

Mitosis

What stage?- The cell is not dividing or preparing to divide, but carrying out its cellular function.

G0

What stage?- Most differentiated cells are in this stage.

G0

Cancer cell or Normal cell? - Carries out cellular function.

Normal

Cancer cell or Normal cell? - Regulated by checkpoints.

Normal

Cancer cell or Normal cell? - avoids apoptosis

Cancer

Mitosis is NOT important for...

Making egg & sperm

What cells can differentiate?

Stem Cells

What cells can divide?

Stem cells

A mutation in this type of gene can lead to cancer.

Oncogene, tumor suppressor gene, DNA repair gene

Normal or cancer cell? Loss of telomeres triggers apoptosis.

Normal

In DNA base pairing, A always pairs with

T

In DNA base pairing, G always pairs with

C

A nucleotide is made of three parts, _____is NOT one of these parts.

Glucose (sugar)

What class of proteins are responsible for DNA replication?

Enzymes

Sections of DNA that carry instructions for proteins are called...

genes

DNA is stored and protected in the...

Nucleus

What cells are produced during meiosis?

Gametes

Mitosis or Meiosis? Creates 4 unique daughter cells

Meiosis

Mitosis or Meiosis? Passes chromosomes to daughter cells.

Both

Mitosis or Meiosis? Creates diploid daughter cells.

Mitosis

What is the first phase of mitosis?

Prophase

What is the second phase of mitosis?

Metaphase

What is the third phase of mitosis?

Anaphase

What is the fourth phase of mitosis?

Telophase

What happens in the G1 phase?

The cell grows

What happens in the S phase?

the cell replicates it’s DNA

What happens in the G2 phase?

The cell gets ready to divide

What happens in prophase?

The cell’s chromosomes condense

What happens in metaphase?

The cell’s chromosomes partner up in the middle

What happens in anaphase?

The cell’s chromosomes separate

What happens in telophase?

A nucleus forms at both sides of the cell

How many times does a cell go through cell division during meiosis?

Twice

How many daughter cells are made in meiosis?

Four

Are the cells made in meiosis the same or different?

Different

What is a gamete?

Egg or sperm

Are gametes (egg and sperm cells) haploid or diploid?

Haploid

How many chromosomes does a haploid cell have?

23

How many chromosomes does a diploid cell have?

46

Are gametes haploid or diploid?

Haploid

What is a zygote?

An egg and sperm cell

How many chromosomes does a zygote have?

46