Biology Ch. 14 - Central Dogma Transcription

Differences between DNA and RNA

1. RNA is single-stranded

2. RNA uses uracil

3. RNA uses Ribose sugar

Eukaryotes vs Prokaryotes

1. Eukaryote transcription happens in the nucleus and cytoplasm but Prokaryotes don’t have a nucleus so transcription and translation happen at the same place, same time.

DNA and RNA Polymerase

reads 3’ to 5 prime direction and builds from 5’ to 3’ direction

Steps of Transcription

1. Initiation

2. Elongation

3. Termination

Recognition Sites

Lets RNA when to start transcription

Upstream vs Downstream

Upstream is +1 and more
Downstream is -1 and less

Initiation in Eukaryotes vs Prokaryotes

In Prokaryotes (bacteria)

1. Promoters are the -10 and -35 box

2. RNA polymerase

In Eukaryotes

1. Promoters tato box

2. Polymerase needs to bind to transcription factors
   

Then the polymerase separated the two strands

Elongation

DNA is read 3’ to 5’ but built from 5’ to 3’

sigma subunit

identifies the initiation site

alpha subunit

assembles the polymerase

beta subunit

beta prime subunit

Termination

A sequence of nucleotides that signals to the polymerase to stop.