HIS 007 Key Terms (SAS 1 to 4)

communism

a socioeconomic system characterized by common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money and private property

historical context

the circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement or idea. idea. (This term

refers to the situation in the 1950s that influenced the creation of the Rizal Law.)

Law

A system of rules that are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior. (This term

refers to the legislation mandating the Rizal course, Republic Act 1425.)

Nationalism

A devotion to one's nation; a sense of national consciousness. (This term is central to the

passage as it describes a concept that the Rizal Law aims to promote.)

Rizal Law (RA 1425)

The official name of the law mandating the study of Rizal's life, works, and

writings. (This term refers to specific legislation.)

Rizal's Works and Writings

: The literary works and written pieces by the Philippine national hero Jose

Rizal. (This term refers to the materials students are required to study under the Rizal Law.)

Religious Objections

The Catholic Church, a powerful institution in the Philippines at the time, objected to

the mandatory reading of Rizal's novels, Noli Me Tángere and El Filibusterismo. They argued that these novels

portrayed the Church and some clergy in a negative light, potentially undermining religious faith.

Content of the Novels

Opponents argued that focusing on the "anti-clerical" aspects of Rizal's novels would

overshadow his other works and contributions. They felt students wouldn't gain a well-rounded understanding

of Rizal and his ideals.

Freedom of Conscience

Some critics argued that mandating the reading of Rizal's works went against the

principle of freedom of conscience. They believed students should have the right to choose what they read,

especially regarding potentially sensitive religious topics.

Alternative Approaches

Some proposed alternative solutions, such as studying Rizal's biography or focusing

on his non-controversial works. They believed these approaches could achieve the goals of the law without

causing religious tensions.

abaca

a natural fiber extracted from a type of banana plant, used in production of rope and textiles

cortez (spanish cortes)

the national legislative of spain. (this term refers to the governing body that filipinos lached representation in)

enlightenment

an intellectual and philosophical movement that arose in 18th century europe and emphasized reason, logic, and the scientific method (this term describe the european movement that influenced filipinos ideas.

europeans

people in europe, particularly those involved in colonialism and the enlightenment

frailocracy

a system of government where the friars hold significant political power (this term describes the power structure where friars oppressed filipinos)

illustrados

filipinos elites who received higher education, often in europe (this term refers to the educated filipinos who avdocated for reform)

propaganda movement

a movement by filipino exiles in europe who advocated for reform in the philippines (this term refers to the group working to pressure spain for change)

suez canal

a man made waterway connecting the mediterranean sea to the red sea, shortening travel time between europe and asia (this term is used to describe a development that increased interaction between the philippines and europe

1. Aya (nursemaid

A caregiver for children, typically a woman. (This term is used to describe

someone who cared for Rizal in his childhood.)

Carromata

A horse-drawn carriage, a common mode of transportation during the Spanish

colonial period in the Philippines. (This term is used in the context of transportation between

Calamba and Biñan.)

Inquilino

A tenant farmer or lessee of land. (This term describes Rizal's father's relationship to

the land owned by Dominican friars.)

Maestro

A teacher (used in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period). (This term is used

multiple times throughout the passage, referring to Rizal's instructors.)

Nipa hut

A dwelling built using nipa leaves, a common type of housing in the Philippines. (This

term describes a special place built for Rizal in his childhood garden.)

Enlightenment.

An intellectual and philosophical movement that arose in 18th-century Europe

and emphasized reason, logic, and the scientific method. (This term is used to describe the

intellectual movement that influenced Filipinos who questioned Spanish rule.)

Homesick

A feeling of longing for home, especially when you are away from it. (This term is used

to describe Rizal's feelings when he went to Biñan for his education.)

Precocious

Advanced in development, especially in mental capacity, for one's age. (This term

describes Rizal's exceptional intelligence at a young age.)

Rizal's family (mentioned throughout)

This refers to the members of Rizal's family, including

his parents (Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonzo), siblings, and relatives who played a role in his

upbringing.

Steamer Talim

A steamship named Talim. (This term refers to the mode of transportation that

brought Rizal back to Calamba.)

Westernized Values

IIustrados embraced European ideals like liberalism, progress, and reform. Rizal's

exposure to these values within his family likely influenced his desire for social change in the Philippines.

Catholic Faith

While critical of some aspects of Spanish rule, ilustrados remained loyal Catholics. Rizal's

upbringing likely instilled a strong faith, although his later writings challenged the abuses of the Church's

power.

Activism

The ilustrado class saw themselves as agents of change. Rizal's family background may have

encouraged his pursuit of reform through his writing and activism.

Higher Education:

Access to education allowed Rizal to pursue his intellectual pursuits in medicine and

the arts in Europe, further shaping his reformist ideas.

Exposure to Europe

Travel to Europe exposed Rizal to different cultures and political systems,

solidifying his desire for a more just and progressive Philippines.

Allegorical play

play that uses symbolism to convey ideas or concepts in a hidden way. (e.g.,

Rizal's play "El Consejo de los Dioses" might use gods to represent real-world figures.)

Brutal attack

A violent assault experienced by Rizal from a Spanish officer. (This incident fueled his

awareness of social injustice.)

Covert mission

A secret purpose Rizal had for going to Europe, possibly to gain knowledge to help

his country. (His family and friends secretly supported this hidden objective.)

Disillusionment

A feeling of disappointment Rizal developed towards the educational experience

and

treatment he received at UST. (This dissatisfaction contrasted with his positive time at Ateneo.)

Dominicans

The Catholic religious order that managed UST during Rizal's enrollment. (Their

teaching

style and attitudes differed from the Jesuits at Ateneo.)

Empires

A unique system at Ateneo where students competed in academic performance as part of

"empires" like Roman and Carthaginian. (This competitive environment motivated Rizal to excel.)

Invisible ink

A special ink used by Rizal in his love letters to Leonor Valenzuela that could only be

read with a specific treatment. (This method ensured secrecy.)

Jesuits

The Catholic religious order that established and ran Ateneo, known for their focus on a well-rounded education, including questioning and independent thinking. (This approach fostered

Rizal's intellectual growth in his early years.)

Memoirs

A written account of one's life experiences, which might contain details about Rizal's early

romances like Segunda Katigbak.

Perito agrimensor

A Spanish term for a land surveyor, a vocational course Rizal pursued

alongside

his medical studies at UST. (This demonstrates his diverse academic interests.)

Racial prejudice

Discrimination based on race that Rizal and other Filipino students faced at UST

from Dominican professors and possibly other students. (This prejudice contributed to his sense of

alienation.)

Resident student

A student living in the dormitory at Ateneo, which Rizal became in his fourth

year.

(This change might have provided a more focused environment for his studies.)