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close relationship
a relationship involving strong and frequent interdependence in many domains of life
sternberg (1988) factors for relationship
passion (butterflies, euphoria & sexual arousal)
intimacy (warmth, closeness & sharing)
commitment (intent to maintain a relationship in spite of the difficulties and costs)
biological explanation
human attraction has its roots in natural selection – that is, we are attracted to the traits that would have the greatest advantage for our potential offspring
strengths to biological approach
cross cultural relevance
explains universal trends in attraction - why certain traits are commonly found desirable
limitations to biological approach
does not account for non-heterosexual relationships, nor relaitonships where children are not the desired outcome
correlational research
similarity attraction model
argues that people like and are more attracted to people who are similar rather than dissimilar to themselves hence, couples tend to be similar in age, religion, attitudes, cultural background, personality and education
cognitive balance
Brains trained to feel comfortable when things are consistent - having things in common makes lives easier and balanced
cognitive approach strengths
helps to explain why people are drawn to others who match their ideal self or beliefs and accounts for individual differences
can explain non-biological relationships
cognitive approach limitations
overlooks biological and emotional factors
correlational between personality similarity and attraction but cannot prove causality
mere exposure effect
tendency to develop a preference for things simply because they are familiar with them
the more frequently we are exposed to something, the more we like it
sociocultural approach strengths
real life applicability
simple explanation
can operate subconsciously
sociocultural approach strengths
does not guarantee attraction
ignores deeper psychological or emotional factors
reductionist
limited long-term explanation