AP Psych Unit 5 | Personality Disorders

Personality Disorders

enduring patterns of internal experience and behavior that:

• deviate markedly from cultural expectations

• are pervasive and inflexible

• begin in adolescence or early adulthood

• lead to significant personal distress or impairment

includes:

• Paranoid PD

• Schizoid PD

• Schizotypal PD

• Antisocial PD

• Borderline PD

• Histrionic PDs

• Narcissistic PDs

• Avoidant PD

• Dependent PD

• Obsessive-Compulsive PD

Cluster A Personality Disorders

characterized by odd or eccentric behaviors and thinking

• Paranoid PD

• Schizoid PD

• Schizotypal PD

Paranoid Personality Disorder

characterized by pervasive distrust and suspicion of others, interpreting their motives as malevolent

• leads to significant interpersonal difficulties and isolation

Schizoid Personality Disorder

characterized by a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression

• leads to a preference for solitary activities and limited interest in forming close relationships

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

characterized by acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentric behaviors

• often leads to significant social and interpersonal difficulties

Cluster B Personality Disorders

characterized by dramatic, emotional, or erratic behaviors

• Antisocial PD

• Borderline PD

• Histrionic PDs

• Narcissistic PDs

Antisocial Personality Disorder

characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others

• often involves deceitful, manipulative, and unlawful behaviors and a lack of remorse for these actions

Histrionic Personality Disorder

characterized by excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior

• includes a need for approval and inappropriate seductiveness

• often leads to difficulties in maintaining deep and meaningful relationships

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

characterized by a pervasive pattern of grandiosity, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy for others

• often results in exploitative behavior and difficulties in maintaining healthy relationships

Borderline Personality Disorder

characterized by instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, along with impulsive behaviors and intense fear of abandonment

• often leads to significant distress and difficulties in daily functioning

Cluster C Personality Disorders

characterized by anxious and fearful behaviors, including Avoidant, Dependent, and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders

• involve patterns of social inhibition, submissiveness, and perfectionism

Avoidant Personality Disorder

pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation

• leads to avoidance of social interactions and a reluctance to engage in new activities

Dependent Personality Disorder

characterized by an excessive need to be taken care of

• leads to submissive and clinging behavior, fears of separation

• results in difficulty making decisions without reassurance from others

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

characterized by a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency

• leads to significant distress or impairment in functioning