Psychology Theories

Serotonin Hypothesis

Imbalances in serotonin levels contribute to mood disorders.

Neurogenesis Theory of Depression

Links depression to reduced neurogenesis.

Validity and Reliability

Ensuring consistency and accuracy in assessment tools.

Confirmation Bias

Tendency to interpret information in a way that confirms existing beliefs.

Stigmatization

Negative societal perceptions and discrimination towards individuals with mental health issues.

Treatment Aetiology Fallacy

Assuming the success of a treatment validates a particular theory of the disorder.

Beck's Cognitive Triad

Negative thought patterns about oneself, the world, and the future.

Beck's Examples of Faulty Thinking

Cognitive distortions, such as overgeneralization or catastrophizing.

Social Identity Theory

Individuals categorize themselves and others into social groups, affecting behavior.

Asch Paradigm

Conformity experiment where participants were influenced by group opinion.

Hofstede Cultural Dimensions

Framework for understanding cultural differences (e.g., power distance, individualism collectivism).

Social Cognitive Theory

Observational learning and modeling influence behavior.

Grain of Truth

Stereotypes may have a small basis in reality.

Illusory Correlation

Perceiving a relationship between variables that doesn't exist.

Stereotype Threat

Fear of confirming a negative stereotype affects performance.

Berry's Acculturation Model

Describes the process of cultural change when individuals from different cultures come into contact.

Piaget

Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget's theory focuses on cognitive development in children.

Vygotsky

Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory emphasizes the role of social interactions in cognitive development.

Theory-Theory

The idea that children construct theories to explain and understand the world around them.

Simulation Theory

Proposes that humans understand others' minds by mentally simulating their experiences.

Theory of Mind

The ability to understand that others have thoughts, beliefs, and perspectives different from one's own.

Gender Identity

A person's internal sense of their own gender.

Gender Constancy

The understanding that one's gender remains the same despite changes in appearance or activities.

Gender Congruent

Behaviors and preferences that align with societal expectations for one's gender.

Theory of Psychosexual Differentiation

Sigmund Freud's theory on how biological and psychological factors influence gender development.

Gender Schema Theory

A cognitive theory suggesting that children categorize and internalize gender-related information.

Attachment Theory

Describes the emotional bond between a child and their caregiver as crucial for development.

Internal Working Model

Mental representations influencing expectations and perceptions in relationships.

Symbolic Play Stages

Piaget's stages where children engage in pretend or symbolic play.

Risk Factors

Conditions or situations that increase the likelihood of negative outcomes.

Protective Factors

Conditions or attributes that reduce the impact of risk factors.

Cognitive Load

The amount of mental effort needed to perform a task.

Hospitalism

Emotional and developmental problems in children resulting from extended hospital stays.