Age of Exploration

Aztec Empire

An alliance of 3 city states in central Mexico. Home to 5-6 million people.

Tenochtitlan

The capital of the Aztec empire. It was built on an island in the middle of Lake Texcoco and was huge for its time.

Chinampas

Man made islands that were built from woven reeds and mud. They were used to grow crops and could be harvested 7 times a year.

Polytheistic

The Aztecs were ___________ and believed in many gods. They were tolerant of conquered people's religion.

Huitzilopochtli

The Aztec god of war and the sun.

5-6

The Aztec empire had ____ million people fit in an area the size of the UK, huge for it's time!

Hierarchy

The Aztec empire had a social _________ based on birth. Commoners could rise in the ranks through exploits in battle.

1428-1521

The Aztec empire lasted from _________.

Flower Wars

The Aztecs staged ______ _____ between the Triple Alliance and enemies in order to capture more prisoners for sacrifice to their gods.

Sacrifices

The Aztecs believed that their gods needed ________________ to survive.

Incan Empire

They called themselves the "Children of the Sun", and were located in the west of South America. It was the largest pre-Columbian empire.

6-14

The Incan empire had around ____ million citizens.

1438-1572

The Incan empire lasted from _________.

Provinces

The Incan empire was divided into 4 _________ to make it easier to govern.

Runners

The Inca built 25,000 miles of roads to connect the empire. ________ would transport messages/goods up to 150 miles a day.

Quipu

Scholars were trained to use a _____ to record mathematical information, such as taxes. A quipu was a set of dyed strings and knots.

Quechua

The main language of the Inca empire was _______, though there were over 100 languages.

Reincarnation

The Inca were polytheists and believed in ________.

Sacrifice

The Inca practiced animal and some human ________.

Stones

Inca built cities without mortar, the ______ were cut to fit like a jigsaw.

Control

The Inca empire was huge, and it was difficult to maintain communication and _______.

Religious

There was a growing desire to spread Christianity.
What type of factor that fueled the Age of Exploration is this?

Economic

There was a desire for goods from Asia and Africa, but importing resources was expensive.
What type of factor that fueled the Age of Exploration is this?

Political

Countries competed with each other for goods, and wanted to cut out the Italians and Ottomans, who had a monopoly on this trade.
What type of factor that fueled the Age of Exploration is this?

China

The country that exported porcelain, tea, silk and paper.

India

The country that exported spices, textiles and gems

Ottoman Empire

The country that exported ceramics, coffee, medicine. They controlled trade from Asia. (Modern day Turkey).

Africa

The place that exported gold, salt, eventually slaves

Silk road

A series of trade routes spanning from China to the Mediterranean.

Islam

The religion of the Ottoman Empire.

Istanbul

The city, formerly named Constantinople, that was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1453 and renamed.

Suleiman The Magnificent

The most significant ruler of the Ottoman Empire who reigned from 1520-1566. He built up Istanbul as the capital and ruled over 25 million.

Caravel

An better type of ship. Portuguese added guns, cannons, triangular sails, multiple masts and a rudder.

Magnetic compass

Allowed ships to steer a course based on a fixed position.

Astrolabe

Calculated latitude using the locations of stars and planets.

Sextant

Used the height of the stars to find latitude and longitude.

Maps

Improved by cartographers.

Prince Henry the Navigator

Sponsored mapmakers, mathematicians, and astronomers to study navigation. His explorers established trading posts and spread Christianity in Africa. The Atlantic slave trade started with his voyages down the African coast.

Bartolomeu Dias

Made it around the Cape of Good Hope (southern tip of Africa) in 1488.

Vasco da Gama

Made it around Africa and straight to India in 1497. Found gems, silk and spices, and made a huge profit. Formed a direct sea route to India and gained control over trade from the Ottomans.

Christopher Columbus

Was sponsored by the Spanish King and Queen. Thought he was going to India sailing west, and took 3 ships in 1492. He found the Bahamas, but thought he was in India. This begins the Age of Exploration

Ferdinand Magellan

A Portuguese man who made the 1st attempt to circumnavigate the globe.

Hernando Cortez

A conquistador who conquered the Aztecs in 1521. They had better weapons, and a huge outbreak of smallpox helped the Spanish to take the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan.

Francisco Pizarro

A conquistador who conquered the Incas in 1532. Disease played a major role in the demise of the Incas.

James Cartier

An explorer who led the French expedition to settle in the north. Conquered Canada and explored through the Mississippi river.

Sir Francis Drake

Circumnavigated the globe (1577-80) and helped to defeat the Spanish Armada.

Commercial revolution

The era from 1450-1700 when European countries started to compete for land, markets, colonies and resources. Banks and joint stock companies began to emerge, and national identity for countries grew.

Mercantilism

An economic practice adopted by many European countries. Countries wanted more exports of goods (selling) than imports of goods (buying). BASED ON PREMISE THAT NATIONAL WEALTH/POWER WAS COLLECTED BY INCREASING EXPORTS AND COLLECTING PRECIOUS METALS IN RETURN. Gold=power.

Finished

Colonies in the Americas sent raw materials to their mother country, where they were manufactured into __________ goods. Those goods were then traded back to the colonies.

Mother country

Colonies were only allowed to buy finished goods from their _______ ________.

The Columbian Exchange

Global transfer of animals, plants, disease and resources across the Atlantic Ocean.

Encomienda system

A system in place where Native Americans were laborers who worked for the Spaniards. Many native peoples were abused and killed.

40

Around ____% of Aztecs died from smallpox after they were conquered by Hernando Cortez.

Las Castas

A social hierarchy based on race that was used in Spanish-conquered colonies. It had Spanish born people at the top, and natives and slaves on the bottom.

Africa

There was a labor shortage due to all of the native people dying from new diseases. Europeans then turned to slaves from ______ to solve their labor shortage.

Chattel slavery

Slavery based on race

Triangle trade

The structure of trade that developed in the colonial world. Resources were brought from America to Europe, where they were made into finished goods. The finished goods then went to Africa, where they were traded for slaves. The slaves then went to the Americas, where they were used for labor to produce resources.

Opression

Enslaved people fought against __________ in many ways:
-Slow work
-Sabotage
-Running away

Mother

Colonies imitated the culture and social patterns of _______ countries.