General Anatomy Test 2

body systems, respiratory, body habitus, body cavities,

what are some of the body systems that are a part of the thoracic cavity

cardiovascular

respiratory

digestive

endocrine

nervous

lymphatics

what organs of the cardiovascular system are in the thoracic cavity

heart& great vessels

what organs from the respiratory system are in the thoracic cavity

trachea, lungs, bronchi

what organs of the digestive system are in the thoracic cavity

superior esophogus

what organs from the endocrine system are in the thoracic cavity

thymus gland

what organ from the nervous system is in the thoracic cavity

vagus cranial nerve

what are the 3 chambers of the thoracic cavity

pericardium

left pleural cavity

right pleural cavity

what is the mediostinum

portion between lungs

what is the superior aperture formed by in the thoracic cavity

anterior: minubrium

lateral: ribs

posterior: upper thoracic vertebrae

what is the inferior aperture of the thoracic cavity formed by

diaphragm

what is a pneumothorax

air in pleural cavity

what is a hemathorax

blood in pleural cavity

what is a pleural effusion

fluid in pleural cavity

what is dextrocardia

heart on opposite side of body

what is situs inversus

internal organs on opposite sides of body

what is atelectesis

collapsed lung

what is in the mediastinum

heart, trachea, esophogus, thymus

what is anterior and posterior of the mediastinum

anterior: sternum

posterior: spine

what is considered a temporary gland

thymus gland

what gland is anterior to the trachea

thymus gland

what is the function of the thymus gland

controls lymphatic system

what is in the respiratory system

nasal cavity

pharynx

larynx

trachea

bronchi

lungs

what are the 2 chambers of the nasal cavity

nostrils

what does the nasal cavity open posteriorly into

nasal pharynx

what are the 3 bony shelves in nasal cavity called

nasal conchae

what are the 2 systems that the pharynx is a part of

respiratory and digestive

what are the 3 parts of the pharynx

nasopharynx

oropharynx

laryngopharynx

what is the other name for larynx

voice box

what does the larynx do

produces sound

what is the epiglottis& glottis a part of

larynx

at what level are the thyroid cartilage

c4-c5

what is the only complete cartilage ring around the trachea called

cricoid cartilage

what is the corina

part of the trachea at last portion

biphrocates trachea into bronchi

marker for correct intubation is 5-7cm above

what are the subdivisions of the bronchi

primary

secondary(lobar)

tertiary (segmental)

what do the secondary bronchi correspond with in the lungs

each lobe 3R 2L

what do the tertiary bronchi correspond with in the lungs

lobes 10R 8L

what is considered the functional unit of the lung

alveoli

where does the gas exchange happen in the body

alveoli

what takes the blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs

pulmonary artery

what is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood

pulmonary

how many pulmonary veins are there and what do they carry

4

carry oxygenated blood from lungs to left side of heart

what are the lungs made of

parenchyma

what is the castrophenic angle

on sides where diaphragm and lungs meet

where are the hilum located in lungs

medial border of each

what is the costal surface of lungs

against ribs

where is the cardiac notch on what lung

inferior medial surface of left lung

how many lobes does each lung have

L2 R3

what are the purpose of the lung fissures

to separate into lobes

what are the 3 fissures of the lungs and what do they separate

oblique/major: separate inferior lobe from rest of lung L&R

horizontal/transverse: ONLY R; separates superior lobe from middle

lingula: ONLY L “middle”

where does the diaphragm move when you take an inspiration chest

lowest position

what is agenesis

no lungs formed

what is hypoplasia

underdevelopment of an organ

what is a fistula

when two organs communicate that arent supposed to

what is a tracheotomy

incision made into trachea

what is a lobectomy

removal of a lobe

what is a pneumonectomy

removal of whole lung

what is a thoracoplasty

removal of part of ribs to get to diseased part of lung

what is thoracentesis

removal of fluid from pleural space

what usually causes atelectasis

obstruction of airway

what is pneumoitis

chronic infection of lung

what is lobar pneumonia

specifically to lobar (secondary) bronchi

what is pleurisy

inflammation of pleural lining

what is COPD

chronic obstruction pulmonary disease/ lung disorder

what is emphysema

over inflation of lungs (elasticity goes away)

what is cystic fibrosis

most common inherited disease

heavy secretion of mucous clogs bronchi

label this image

A) trachea
B) lung apex
C) aortic notch
D) lungs
E) heart

F) diaphragm
G) costophrenic angle

label this image

A) collimation

B)lung apex

C) air filled esophogus

D) trachea

E) sternum

F) hilar region

G) superimposed posterior ribs

H) heart shadow
I) diaphragm
J) costophrenic angle

what are some structures in the thoracic cavity

lungs, ribs, heart, thymus, mediastinum, esophogus, great vessels

what does the trachea bifurcate into

primary bronchi

what position would you put the patient into in order to get clavicles out of way

lordotic

how do you see rotation on a pa chest

the clavicles are not equal distant from the vertebrael column

what seperates the abdominal and thoracic cavity

diaphragm

what are some openings through the diaphragm

esophogus, aorta, inferior vena cava

what is the functional unit of the lung

alveoli

whats the best position to see air fluid levels in chest

upright

what side of the diaphragm sits higher

right

describe patients position for pa chest

upright, chest up against board, back of hands on hips, roll shoulders forward

msp parallel to board

CR enters perpendicular to t7 and msp

what are the patient instructions for a lateral chest

upright, left side up against board, hands together and above head, pull elbows forward

what is the central ray entrance point for a lateral chest

perpendicular to mcp and t7

what are some reasons why we would have to do an ap stretcher chest

patient is not conscious

spine injury

dizzy and shouldnt stand

out of all of the body habitus which one would you need to do crosswise for pa chest

hypersthenic

what are some reasons we do a chest upright

to see air fluid levels and get the diaphragms as low as possible

how should you angle the tube if your patient cannot get in lordotic position

15-20 degrees cephalicly

to see fluid levels does the patient lay on their affected or unaffected side

affected

to see air levels does the patient lay on their affected or unaffected side

unaffected