GRE Review Part I: Arithmetic

Define integer.

set of numbers, including the negative counterparts, and zero

Define product.

result of multiplying two numbers together (factors)

Define factor.

numbers multiplied together to get a product

Define divisor. If 12 ÷ 4 = 3, which is the divisor?

the number by which another number, the dividend, is divided by; 4

Define dividend. If 12 ÷ 4 = 3, which is the dividend?

the number that is divided by the divisor; 12

The product of two positive integers is ___ (negative/positive).

positive

The product of two negative integers is __ (negative/positive).

negative

The product of a positive integer and a negative integer is __ (negative/positive).

negative

Define multiple. If 4 × 5 = 20, which is the multiple?

the result of multiplying two numbers together; 20 is the multiple of 5 and 4

True/False: Multiples are the numbers in the times table of a given number, while the product is the result of multiplying numbers.

true

The positive factors of 10 are:

1, 10, 2, 5

Define least common multiple. What is the least common multiple of 4 and 6?

least positive integer that is a multiple of C and D; 12

Define greatest common divisor/greatest common factor. What is the greatest common divisor of 4 and 6?

the greatest positive integer that is a divisor of both C and D; 2

Define quotient.

result of a division problem

Define remainder.

leftover number after obtaining a quotient in a division problem

Define prime number

an integer that has only two positive divisors: 1 and itself

True/False: 1 is a prime number

false

Define prime factorization.

an expression of an integers comprised entirely of prime numbers

What is the prime factorization of 12?

(2)(2)(3) = (2^2)(3)

Define a composite number.

an integer that has more than two positive divisors

Define a fraction

a number in the form of (c/d)

Define numerator.

the superior number in a fraction; the dividend

Define denominator.

the inferior number in a fraction; the divisor

Define common denominator.

common multiple of two denominators

Define a mixed number.

a number consisting of an integer part and a fraction part

Define exponent.

numbers that denote the repeated multiplication of a number by itself

Define squaring/square root.

multiplying/dividing a number by itself once (2 × 2)

Define cubing/cube root.

multiplying/dividing a number by itself twice (2 ×2 × 2)

Define irrational number.

decimal numbers that continue on and do not terminate/end

Define real numbers.

all rational and all irrational numbers, including negative integers

Define absolute value.

a number’s distance from zero

Define ratio.

one quantity to another

Define proportion.

an equation relating two ratios

Define percent.

parts of 100

Define percent change.

using percents to express the difference in two numbers