sport and society

Amateurs (1780-1900)

High status
For love of the game
Controlled sport
Top performers
High morals

Barriers to participation

Discrimination
Prejudice
Stereotypes
Social exclusion
Lack of leisure time
Lack of media coverage
Lack of confidence
Lack of access

Benefits of raising participation

Health benefits
Reduces strain on nhs
Social benefits
Reduces crime rates

Biomechanics

application of mechanical physics to human motion

British Empire

Public school boys influenced spread of sport by teachers
Factory owners
Clergy
Officers
Diplomats
Founders of ngbs

Calorimetry

The precise measurement of heat flow out of a system for chemical and physical processes

Causes of inequality

MRMC
money
Role models
Myths
Confidence

Characteristics of commercial sport

• professional sport • sponsorship/business • entertainment (sport becomes a spectacle or display for spectators) • gate receipts/an affluent population • contracts (athletes/clubs/businesses/stock market/merchandise/TV rights) • athletes as commodities/endorsements/an asset to the company • the media • winning and success.

data integrity

Maintaining and assuring the accuracy and consistency of data during transmission and at storage.

Effects of urbanisation on sport

Lack of space
Large working class population
Lack of traditional sports
Changes to working conditions

Emergence of the middle class

Result of urbanisation and industrialisation
Self made individuals
Empathy for working class
Set up teams

fitness benefits

Improved-
Posture
Body shape
Cardiovascular fitness
Muscular strength
Flexibility
Agility
Speed
Reaction time

Gender and Socialisation

The way in which males and females are taught to behave differently in a particular society.

Globalisation seen I sport through

Sponsorship
Spreading of sports
Increased pressure on athletes

Golden Triangle commercialisation

Sport
Media
Business

GPS (global positioning system)

a system that accurately determines the precise position of something on Earth

health benefits

Decreased risk of heart disease
Avoidances of high or low blood pressures
Decrease risk of type two diabetes
Decrease risk of obesity
Improved mental health

Impact of social media on sport

Increased involvement
Sports news spread easily
Create fan base
Engage with wider audience
Promotion of sport

indirect calorimetry

measurement of oxygen consumption as an estimate of resting metabolic rate

Industrial patronage

factory teams set up by factory owners as a way of decreasing absenteeism and encouraging loyalty in the workforce

inequality

the unequal distribution of valued goods and opportunities in society

Influence of church

Social control
Morality
Increase church attention

Institution

an organization founded and united for a specific purpose

leisure time

Engaged in free time
Freely choosing
Used for ease and relaxation
Done for enjoyment

metabolic cart

automated machine that measures expired CO2 and O2 in order to calculate VO2 and VCO2

National governing body

RESPONSIBLE FOR THEIR OWN SPORT , RULES, COMPETITIONS, COACHING AWARDS, TALENT DEVELOPMENT

Negative effects of commercialisation on performer

Controlled by sponsors
Under pressure about life
Most specialise in sport
Dedicated to training

Negative Impacts of Industrial Revolution on sport

Poor health
Lack of income
Lack of time
Overcrowded
Loss of rights

Notational match analysis

Used to record aspects of individual or team performance.

objective data

factual information obtained through observation and examination of the patient or through consultation with other health care providers

Objects of OAA

Learn about natural environment
Develop team work
Develop leadership

Outdoor adventures activities

In natural environments with some competition sometimes

Pe on individual

Develop health and fitness
Develop physical skills develop leadership
Encourages participation

performance analysis

The provision of objective feedback to a performer who is trying to get a positive change in performance

physical education characteristics

Compulsory
Taught in school
Teachers in charge
Lessons pre planned

Physical Recreation (5 Functions)

1. Self confidence improves through achievement.
2. Reduce stress
3. Skill development
4. Social skills improve
5. Sense of fun.

Physical recreation characteristics

Fun
Winning isn't important
Choice to partake
Self officiated

Physical recreation on society

Reduces strain on nhs
Lowers obesity rates
Increased social integration
Increase employment

Popular recreation

The sport and pastimes of people in pre-industrial Britain eg mob football

Positive effects of commercialisation on performer

High income
Paid for results
Household names

Positive impacts of industrial revolution on sport

Due to queen
Health and hygiene improved
Increased wages
New middle class
Public school boys
Industrial patronage
Transport
Communication

pre-industrial Britain

Upper and working class
Communication limited
Transport limited
Free time limited

primary socialisation

First stage of socialisation where the norms and values are taught to a child within the family

Qualitative

Data in the form of words

Quantitative

Data that is in numbers

Rational recreation

Involves the post industrial development of sport. It was characterised by a number of features including respectability, regularity, strict administration and codification

Rational recreation

Respectability
Regular played
Codification
Officials
Purpose built facilities
Skills

Reliability

the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting

Research

The systematic study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.

secondary socialisation

Refers to the process in which the child comes to understanding the social norms of a wider society - includes education/teachers, the media, peers, religion and the workplace.

Social action theory

A way of viewing socialisation, emphasising social action

social benefits

Raised levels of endorphins
Improved sleep patterns
Boost in mood
Boost in self esteem

social change

the transformation of culture and social institutions over time

social class

a division of a society based on social and economic status.

social control

attempts by society to regulate people's thoughts and behavior

social issues

Problems that's affect many people within a society

social stratification

the division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy

Socialisation

The lifelong process of learning the skills, customs, attitudes, norms and values of your culture.

Society

A community of people who share a common culture

software and hardware

Computer software is any set of machine-readable instructions which direct a computer's processor to perform specific operations. Computer hardware is the physical component of computers.

Solution to barriers of participation

Reduces prices
More opportunities
Improved access
Increased media
Specialist coaches
Education on stereotypes
Campaigns
Single sex provision
Laws against sex discrimination
Share roles
More opportunities

sponsorship

Increased sales
Increased brand awareness
Creates associations with healthy image of sport
Decreases tax paid

Sport Analytics

The analysis of sport dad using analytical tools and methods for data to be subjected to analytical procedures in order to try to improve results.

Sport characteristics

Structured
Equipment
Officials
Rewards
High skill levels
Commitment
Competitive

Sport functions for society

Decrease strain on nhs
Crime levels reduced
Increase in social control
Economic benefits
Employment opportunities

Sport on individual

Improved health and fitness
Improved skills
Increased confidence
Social opportunities

subjective data

information perceived only by the affected person

Transport Revolution

Movement of teams/spectators, improved access to different parts of the country, cheaper train travel, improved access to the countryside.

Triangular model of pe

Pe recreation and school sport

Validity

the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

Video Analysis

High speed camera allow fram by frame analysis

Video motion analysis

A technique used to get information about moving objects from video.

Women in sport programmes

Breeze
Back to netball
Us girls
This girl can

Women's football has been increasing available because

Raquel opportunities
Increased media coverage
More role models
More provision
Increased encouragement
More clubs
More free time