ZOOT 1105 - ANIMAL NUTRITION Introduction to Animal Nutrition

a chemical element or compound that is **essential for normal body metabolism.**

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**Nutrient**

it **deals with the prevention of some diseases** caused by inappinappropriate feeding/ eating behaviors/practices.

Nutrology

A feed/food constituent that **aids in the support of life**.

**Nutrient**

Any feed constituent or group of feed constituents of the same general composition that aids in the support of animal life.

**Nutrient**

A term given to a particular **product that provides nutrients** (e.g. rice bran, corn, and rice middling).

Feed

Nutrition involves various chemical reactions and physiological processes which transform foods /feeds into body tissues and activities, such as:

1. Food/Feed ingestion
2. Digestion of nutrients
3. Absorption of nutrients
4. Transport of nutrients to body cells
5. Removal of unusable elements and wastes products of metabolism

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Edible (can be eaten) materials that are **consumed by animals and contribute energy and/or nutrients to the animal’s diet** (Usually refers to animals rather than man).

Feed

an **article used for food or drink** for man or other animals.

Food

Is a substance that **provides taste, flavor or nutritive value.**

Food

In what context does the term food refers principally to articles used for human nutrition?

American Context

Any product whether of natural or artificial in origin which when properly used has nutritional value in the diet.

Feedstuff

________- it involves various chemical reactions and physiological processes which transform foods /feeds into body tissues and activities, such as:

Nutrition

In what context does the term food refers the same term to articles used for animal nutrition?

British context

it involves various chemical reactions and physiological processes which transform foods/feeds into body tissues and activities, such as

Nutrition

a **broader term** covering all materials in the diet.

Feedstuff

________- science or study of proper or balance diet to promote health.

Nutrition

a **product intended for feeding**

Meal

Any **material consisting of grains, fodder, or by-products of animal or plant origin** which when properly used has nutritional value to animals.

Feed

a **combination of feeds**, perhaps mixed together, which are fed to livestock and poultry to meet the nutrient requirements of an animal.

Ration

________- deals with the kind and amount of feeds, their composition of nutrients, the animal performance desired, and digestion and metabolism of nutrients.

Nutrition

a term which is commonly used when **a group or list of feeds** is being referred to.

Feedstuff

a **number of individual feeds**, with corresponding amount or proportion, selected to make a balanced ration or satisfy nutritional requirements of a particular animal.

Diet

**products that are used principally for animal feeding**. Such products are usually processed or prepared in such a way that it is physically and chemically suitable for animal feeding.

Meal

the **study of the effects of foods and food constituents** on gene expression.

Nutrigenomics

quantity of feed that provides an animal all of the nutrients needed in desired proportions.

Balanced ration

processes of nourishing animals; especially, series of activities by which an animal takes in and assimilates food /feed for promoting growth and replacing worn- out or injured tissues.

Nutrition

Quantity of diet fed per day. The feed allotted to the animal for 24- hour period.

Ration

chemical elements that are found in animals’ body (tissues) with **defined** biochemical functions.

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Essential elements

chemical elements that are found in animals’ body (tissues) with **undefined** biochemical functions

Adventitious elements

Of the **___ chemical elements**, more than **__ enter into the makeup of the essential nutrients**.

* From such elements, about __ or __ nutrients **can be formed**.

* **118 chemical elements**
* **20**
* **50 or more nutrients**

**elements that are present in animals’ body** whose function has been demonstrated, in some species.

Semi-essential elements

* The _______ of ________(**study of body functions**) and _______ (**study of the chemistry of life**) have greatly aided scientists engaged in animal nutrition research in the discovery of chemical elements necessary for an animals life, particularly with respect to the specific roles and interrelationships of the essential elements.

sciences of physiology

biochemistry

the ______/_______ of the element in question cures or prevents the health problem(s) or the deficiency symptom(s

supplementation/provision

The _____ __or__ ________ **of the element will cause health problem(s)** specific to that particular element.

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absence or deficiency

is essentially a **chemical process.**

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Life

He established the chemical basis of nutrition.

Antoine Lavoisier

a French chemist; is the **founder of the science of nutrition.**

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Antoine Lavoisier

___________ - is made up of carbohydrates lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, organic acids, and vitamins; an inorganic fraction is composed of minerals (macro and micro minerals).

Organic fraction

______ - established that the nutritive value of feed/food does not reside in a single “aliment” (element).•

Antoine Lavoisier

General functions of nutrients:

* Structural material for building and maintaining body structures
* Source of energy for heat production, work and or fat deposition
* Regulating body processes or in the formation of body produced regulators.

The **_______**are divided mainly into water and dry matter.

tissues

The ___ _______ is divided into organic matter and inorganic matter or ash.

dry matter

The dry matter is divided into _______ _____ __and__ _______ _______ or ___

organic matter

inorganic matter or ash

\n The **tissues** are divided mainly into _____________.

water and dry matter.

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* The **chemical composition of animals’ body** can be expressed on
* 1.
* 2.
* 3.

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* ‘as is basis’,
* fat-free-basis
* dry-fat-free basis.

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water content is **highest** with _____ animals

young

water content is **lowest** with ___ animals

old

The __________ increases with age but is variable, depending on the level of feed intake.

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amount of fat

The protein and ash contents are practically constant on a _________ basis. The exception is the higher protein values for the pig and hen compared with the other species, reflecting the smaller relative size of their skeleton.

dry-fat-free basis

___________ - is principally **made of calcium and phosphorus.**

Ash fraction

**Calcium and phosphorus** exist at a ratio of **about _:_**

**2:1**