Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Ch:9 Pt2

A series of flashcards covering key concepts and vocabulary related to cellular respiration and fermentation.

Citric Acid Cycle

Also known as the Krebs cycle, it completes the breakdown of pyruvate to CO2 and generates 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 per cycle.

Acetyl CoA

A molecule formed from pyruvate that enters the citric acid cycle by combining with oxaloacetate to produce citrate.

NADH

An electron carrier that stores energy used in cellular respiration and donates electrons to the electron transport chain.

Oxidative Phosphorylation

A process that uses the energy from electron transport to pump H+ ions, creating a gradient that drives ATP synthesis.

Chemiosmosis

The mechanism by which ATP synthase uses the flow of H+ ions back across the membrane to drive the synthesis of ATP.

Proton-motive force

The H+ gradient across a membrane that has the capacity to do work, coupling redox reactions to ATP synthesis.

Fermentation

A metabolic process that allows cellular respiration to continue without oxygen, converting pyruvate to products like ethanol or lactate.

Alcohol Fermentation

A type of fermentation where pyruvate is converted to ethanol, releasing CO2 as a byproduct.

Lactic Acid Fermentation

A type of fermentation where pyruvate is reduced by NADH to form lactate without releasing CO2.

Feedback Inhibition

A metabolic control mechanism where ATP concentration regulates the speed of cellular respiration based on the energy needs of the cell.