AP Psych. Ch. 4: States of Consciousness

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31 Terms

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Consciousness

An organism's or individual’s awareness of, or possibility of knowing what is happening inside or outside itself.

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Subconscious

Consciousness just below the level of awareness, containing thoughts and ideas just out of our awareness.

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Unconscious

A deeper level of awareness containing thoughts and desires about which we have no true or direct knowledge.

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Circadian Rhythm

The 24-hour biological clock that helps change and maintain our body temperature and awareness throughout the day.

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Melatonin

A hormone produced by the pineal gland at night to help you sleep; sunlight tells your body to stop producing it.

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NREM Sleep

The first three stages of sleep before reaching REM; characterized by distinct brain wave changes.

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Stages of Sleep

There are 4 stages of sleep, taking about 90-100 mins to pass through, including NREM and REM sleep.

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Stage 1 Sleep

A light transitional sleep lasting 1-5 mins where drowsiness and sleep begin.

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Stage 2 Sleep

More stable sleep with sensory blockage; lasts about 20 mins and marked by periodic sleep spindles.

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Stage 3 Sleep

Deep sleep where growth hormone is released, occurs mostly in the first third of the night, and is the most restorative.

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REM Sleep

High brain activity stage of sleep associated with vivid dreams and rapid eye movement.

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Sleep Deprivation Effects

Includes fatigue, impaired concentration, depressed immune system, and greater vulnerability to accidents.

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Restorative Theory of Sleep

The theory that sleep is necessary to restore body function after daily wear.

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Adaptive Theory of Sleep

The theory that sleep emerged as a protective measure during times of danger.

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Narcolepsy

A disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks, often occurring during stress or joy.

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Insomnia

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep, not defined by the number of hours slept.

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Sleep Apnea

A disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep, causing awakenings.

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Parasomnia

Disorders characterized by abnormal behaviors during sleep, such as sleepwalking or night terrors.

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Manifest Content

The remembered storyline of a dream.

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Latent Content

The underlying meaning of a dream.

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Freud’s Wish Fulfillment Theory

Theory that dreams provide access to our unconscious mind, revealing our wishes and anxieties.

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Hypnosis

An induced state of altered awareness characterized by heightened suggestibility and deep relaxation.

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Hypnotizability

The degree to which an individual is responsive to hypnotic suggestions.

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Posthypnotic Suggestion

A suggestion to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized.

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Psychoactive Drugs

Substances that alter perception, mood, or consciousness.

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Depressants

Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body function, such as alcohol and barbiturates.

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Stimulants

Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions, such as caffeine and cocaine.

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Hallucinogens

Psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images without sensory input.

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Near Death Experiences

Altered states of consciousness reported after a close brush with death, often resembling drug-induced hallucinations.

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Dualism

The presumption that the mind and body are two separate entities.

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Monism

The belief that the mind and body are part of the same thing.