Histoy AP 10

What were the major alliances formed before WWI?

Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy; Triple Entente: Britain, France, Russia.

What sparked the chain reaction leading to WWI?

The murder of Archduke Ferdinand Franz of Austria by a Serbian.

Describe the significance of the Battle of Vimy Ridge.

An iconic Canadian victory, capturing a strategic German position and helped unify Canadian identity.

What was a main consequence of the Military Service Act (1917)?

Made military service mandatory for men aged 20-45, causing political tension, especially in Quebec.

How did Canada contribute to the Treaty of Versailles?

Canada earned a separate signature due to its military contributions in WWI.

What was trench warfare?

A dominant military strategy where both sides dug trenches to protect themselves from artillery.

What was the impact of the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919?

Highlighted growing class tensions and demonstrated workers’ demands for better conditions and wages.

What characterized the 1920s in Canada?

Known as the 'Roaring Twenties,' featuring economic boom, jazz music, and fashion changes.

What was the purpose of the League of Nations?

To maintain peace and resolve disputes diplomatically after WWI.

What was the state of the Canadian economy during the 1920s?

A post-war boom period with significant growth in manufacturing and natural resources.

What were the background causes of WWII?

Treaty of Versailles harshness, economic hardship, expansionism, and the failure of appeasement.

What was the main result of Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939?

It led Britain and France to declare war on Germany, marking the start of WWII.

What was the significance of the Battle of Dunkirk?

A major evacuation of British troops, boosting morale but showing Germany's power.

What was the outcome of the Battle of Britain?

A major victory for Britain, preventing a German invasion across the English Channel.

What was the turning point of the War on the Eastern Front?

Hitler broke the agreement with the USSR and faced a prolonged conflict in the region.

What was the significance of D-Day, June 6, 1944?

The largest amphibious invasion in history leading to the liberation of France.

What technological advancement was crucial during WWII?

The development of radar and sonar, which enhanced warfare capabilities.

What was the purpose of propaganda during WWII?

To promote enlistment, sell war bonds, and encourage public support for the war effort.

What did VE Day signify?

The official end of the war in Europe and the surrender of Nazi Germany.

What resulted from the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki?

Led to Japan's unconditional surrender, effectively ending the war in the Pacific.

What was the Cold War?

A period of intense rivalries and tensions mainly between the United States and the Soviet Union.

What was the Marshall Plan?

An American initiative that provided economic aid to help Western European countries rebuild after WWII.

What event exemplified the arms race between the U.S. and the USSR?

The nuclear arms development during the Cold War.

How did the Cuban Missile Crisis escalate tensions?

Russia's placement of nuclear missiles in Cuba created a 13-day standoff with the USA.

What was Diefenbaker's significant contribution as Prime Minister?

Support of Canadian nationalism and civil rights, including appointing the first Indigenous senator.

What was the Quiet Revolution in Quebec?

A period of rapid social change promoting Francophone pride and economic modernization.

What was Pierre Trudeau known for during his tenure?

His liberal policies, including legalization of divorce and homosexuality.

What significant event happened during the October Crisis?

The FLQ kidnapped government officials, leading to the invocation of the War Measures Act.

What did the Constitution Act of 1982 achieve?

Gave Canada full legal independence from Britain and included the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

What is NAFTA?

A free trade agreement between Canada, the U.S., and Mexico effective in 1994.

What was the significance of the 1995 Quebec Referendum?

It demonstrated close divisions over Quebec sovereignty with 50.6% voting No.

What was the goal of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission?

To address the generational trauma of Indigenous peoples from residential schools.

What was the primary focus of Canadian immigration policy?

To foster multiculturalism while addressing economic needs.

How does climate policy relate to economic growth in Canada?

Balancing resource management with climate goals for sustainable growth.

What was the purpose of the November 1989 Berlin Wall fall?

It symbolized the end of Cold War divisions and eased tensions between Eastern and Western Europe.

What was one of the major outcomes of the WWII battles?

Strengthened Canada’s military reputation and international standing.

What is significant about the Enigma machine?

It was a German code used in WWII that was cracked, helping shorten the conflict.

What resulted from the Suez Crisis involving Canada?

Canada's peacekeeping role led to Lester Pearson winning the Nobel Peace Prize.

What was the impact of conscription on Canadian society during both World Wars?

Divisive issue causing political tension, especially between English and French Canadians.

How did propaganda shape public perception during WWII?

Portrayed enemies as evil and promoted enlistment and support for the war effort.

What did the Holocaust represent in history?

The systematic extermination of around 6 million Jews by the Nazis during WWII.

What was significant about Igor Gouzenko's defection?

Exposed a Soviet spy ring and is credited with starting the Cold War in Canada.

What were the effects of the Great Depression on Canadian society?

High unemployment, widespread poverty, and severe economic hardship.

What did the Person's Case of 1929 achieve?

Recognized women as 'persons' under the law, allowing for Senate appointments.