Espanol 6

Cuánto tiempo hace que + verb phrase in present / Desde cuando + verb phrase in the present

Expresses how long something has been happening in the present.

Hace + a time expression + que + a verb phrase in present / a verb phrase in present + desde hace + time expression

Indicates the duration of an action that started in the past and continues in the present.

Cuánto tiempo hacía que + a verb phrase in the imperfect

Refers to how long ago something started in the past and continued until a specific point.

Hacia + period of time + que + a verb phrase in the imperfect

Describes the duration of an action that occurred in the past.

Cuánto tiempo hace que + a verb in preterite

Indicates how long ago an action happened in the past.

Hace + a time expression + que + a verb in preterite / a verb in the preterite + hace + a time expression

Specifies the time that has passed since an action took place in the past.

Llevar + gerund for positive in present or imperfect

Used to express the duration of an ongoing action in the present or past.

Llevar + sin + infinitive for negative in present or imperfect

Indicates the time without doing a specific action in the present or past.

Que (that, which, who, whom)

Used to describe both persons and objects.

Quien (who, whom)

Describes only a person, usually after a preposition or in a clause set off by commas.

Lo que (what, that which)

Describes an idea, a previous event, or situation.

Cuyo (whose, of whom, of which)

Possessive adjective agreeing with gender and number of nouns, preceding each noun.

el/la cual (that, which, who, whom)

Identifies the antecedent of different genders and is used after prepositions to refer to things or persons.

Se + 3rd person singular

Used in impersonal constructions with people, one, we, you, they.

Se + 3rd person singular/plural

Employed in passive sentences where the subject follows the verb, especially when referring to a person or thing.

Por

Used for cause, exchange, time duration, motion, means, and estar + por (about to).

Para

Indicates purpose, comparison, deadlines, destination, and para que (for what purpose) or por que (for what reason).

First Republic (1873-1874)

Established after King Amadeo I de Saboya's abdication, faced economic instability and conflicts between republicans and monarchists.

Restoration Period (1874-1931)

Oversaw by Alfonso XII and Alfonso XIII, marked by political corruption, economic struggles, and the rise of anarchist and nationalist movements.

Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)

Conflict between Nationalists and Republicans, notable for the bombing of Guernica and significant international involvement.

Francoist Spain (1939-1975)

Dictatorship under Franco characterized by authoritarian rule, centralization policies, and economic isolation.

Transition to Democracy (1975-1982)

Marked Spain's shift to democracy after Franco's death, led by King Juan Carlos I and Adolfo Suárez, culminating in the Spanish Constitution of 1978.

Joaquín Sorolla (1863-1923)

Spanish painter known for luminous works depicting Spanish life, influenced by Impressionism and renowned for his use of light and color.

Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)

Influential Spanish artist known for co-founding Cubism, with distinct periods like the Blue and Rose Periods, challenging traditional art forms.

Salvador Dalí (1904-1989)

Eccentric Spanish artist known for surreal and detailed works influenced by Freudian psychology, collaborating in various artistic fields.

Joan Miró (1893-1983)

Prominent Catalan artist associated with Surrealism, known for playful and abstract works exploring the subconscious and nature-human relationship.

Jacinto Contreras

Miner in a story reflecting the harsh realities of mining life, receiving temporary relief through extra pay but facing ongoing struggles.

Joaquín Cortés

Flamenco dancer from Córdoba, Spain, renowned for blending traditional flamenco with contemporary elements, captivating global audiences with his performances.