sensory and perception exam 3

psyc230 uiuc unit quizzes and moodle practice problems units: 10, 11, 12, 13

bottom up processing

a process whereby physical stimuli influnce how we perceive them

representation

the storage and/or reconstruction of information in memory when that information is not in use

top down processing

a process whereby our existing knowledge of objects influnces how we perceive them

gestalt psychology

the perception that emerges from a physical scene may not be directly predicted by the sensory components that is is composed of, but emerges when we intefrate the componenets into a whole

quiroga et al. found what when examining single cell recordings of human beings prior to brain surgery

specific cells in the medial temporal lobe appeared to be specific to individual people

perceptual organization

the process by which multiple objects in the enviroment are grouped, allowing us to identify multiple objects in complex scenes

figure ground organization

the experience viewers have as to which part of an image is in front and which part of an image is in the background of a particular scene

edge completion

the perception of a physically absent but inferred edge, allowing us to complete the perception of a partially hidden object

T

T/F previous knowledge and experince with objects forever changes the way we perceive and identify those objects in the future

geons

the basic units of objects, consisting of simple shapes such as cylinders and pyramids

prosopagnosia

face agnosia, a neurological injury resulting in a deficit in perceiving faces

looser and wheatley pointed out that all human minds have faces, but not all faces have human minds. in their study:

they used EEG technology to look at responses to photographs of real faces and photographs of dolls and mannequins

hue

the color quallity of light, corresponding to the color names we use such as orange, green, indigo, and cyan

what is the difference between additive and subtractive color mixing?

additive color mixing is what happens when we mix lights of different colors, whereas subtractive color mixing occurs when we mix paints or other colored materials

univariance

the principle whereby any single cone system is colorblind, in the sense that differnt combinations of wavelength and intensity can result in the same repsonse from the cone system

trichromatic theory of color vision

the color of any light is determined by the output of the 3 cone system in our retinae

cortical achromatopsia

loss of color vision due to damage to the occipital lobe

imagine being in a room being uniquely lit by “perfect red” bulbs, which emit only one very specific red wavelength that corresponds to the perfect red hue. In this scene which of the following objects will appear the darkest: yellow fruit, red sweater, red fruit, green veggie

a green pepper

the distribution of wavelengths in sunlight changes across the day. Evening light has more long-wavelength light than light earlier in the day. This means:

color constancy must correct for the change in the distribution of light

people tend to have significantly fewer S-cones than L- and M-cones on their retinas. The consequence of the lower number of S-cones is that individuals’ visual acuity:

is reduced when visual information is presented in blue

cultural relativism

the idea that basic perceptual experince may be determined in part by the cultural enviroment

synethesia

when some people have color experinces arising from other non-color sensations

apparent motion

the appearance of real motion from a sequence of still images

MT or V5

area in the occipital lobe in the dorsal pathway; specific to motion detection and perception

point-light walker display

an experiment in which small lights are attached to the body of a person or animal, which is then filmed moving in an otherwise completely dark enviroment

affordance

the concept of information in the visual world, specifying how that information can be used

after staring at a bright bulb and closing you eyes, you notice that the afterimage has a blue hue rather than the yellow hue of the real obeject, which theory is this

opponent theory of color vision

what happens after a light of 485nm is presented to a person’s visual system

all 3 cone systems will respond at varying strengths, color is perceived from the mix of those responses

correspondence problem

how the visual system knows if an object is seen at time 1 is the same obejct at time 2

a sense of motion going upwards, in the opposite direction of the water

after we watch a waterfall for about a minute, if we look at a blank surfece, the wall will show what

Motion Parallax

When Francois is in a car and he looks out the window, object will appear to rush by him in the opposite direction, but objects far away will appear to move with him. Which depth cue is this?

Correspondence Problem

The problem of determining which image in one eye matches the correct image in another eye.

T

Is accomodation considered an oculomotor cue to depth? T/F

Pictorial Cues

Information about depth that can be inferred from a static picture is known as:

Stereopsis

The sense of depth wer percieve from the visual system’s processing of the compaison of the two different images from each retina