BIG IDEAS OF UNITS 1-5

How did Song China maintain its rule during the period of c. 1200 to c. 1450?

Through Confucianism and an imperial bureaucracy.

What were the main influences on state building in South and Southeast Asia?

Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam.

What significant impact did trading routes have during the period of c. 1200 to c. 1450?

They led to cultural diffusion.

What was a major effect of the Mongol Empire's expansion?

It facilitated further interconnection across Afro-Eurasia.

What fueled European overseas exploration in c. 1450 to c. 1750?

State-sponsored exploration.

What was the Columbian Exchange?

The transfer of animals, plants, foods, and diseases between Europe and the Americas.

What economic policy fueled European empires during transoceanic contact?

Mercantilist economic policy.

What significant transformation did the Industrial Revolution cause?

It transformed the world, beginning in Britain.

What did Enlightenment ideas lead to in the late 18th and 19th centuries?

Reform and revolution worldwide.

How did industrialization affect social hierarchies during the period of c. 1750 to c. 1900?

It caused changes in existing social hierarchies and standards of living.