Recent Biological Explanations of Violent Behaviour

What are the three body types classified by William Sheldon in his Body Typology?

Ectomorph, Endomorph, Mesomorph.

Which body type is theorized to be most likely to engage in violent behavior according to William Sheldon?

Mesomorph.

What role does serotonin play in aggression?

Deficiencies in serotonin are linked to impulsive aggression and reduced control over aggressive impulses.

How does testosterone relate to aggression?

Higher testosterone levels may correlate with increased aggressive behavior, but the direction of this relationship is unclear.

What types of brain injuries can result in violent behaviors?

Concussions and tumors that impair brain functions.

What did the autopsy of Aaron Hernandez reveal about his brain?

Severe brain damage linked to his violent behaviors.

What did Chris Benoit's brain damage resemble?

The damage resembled that of an 85-year-old Alzheimer’s patient, linked to personality changes including aggression.

What is the stance of new biocriminology according to Adrian Rain?

It argues for a biological basis to violence while acknowledging biology is not destiny.

What did research on murderers by Adrian Rain reveal about the prefrontal cortex?

Significant differences in prefrontal cortex development were found, suggesting less control over emotions and poor problem-solving skills.

How is the amygdala related to violent offenders?

Smaller amygdala volumes in violent offenders correlate with higher recidivism rates.

What are some limitations of biological approaches to understanding violent behavior?

Most violent behavior not linked to brain damage, lack of comparison with non-violent offenders, and not accounting for social factors.

What social issues are also important factors influencing violence?

Inequality and poverty.