Latin 2

imperator

Emperor; refers to the Roman ruler. Often held immense power and was sometimes deified after death.

domus

House, home; the Domus Aurea was Nero’s luxurious Golden House, built after the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD.

camera

Room or chamber; the Domus Aurea had many ornate camerae decorated with gold leaf, precious stones, and ivory.

hortus

Garden; Nero’s palace included vast horti with exotic plants, fountains, and even a private zoo.

statua

Statue; Nero built a massive statua of himself known as the Colossus of Nero, which stood over 100 feet tall.

populus

People or crowd; the Roman populus grew angry at Nero’s extravagance and perceived indifference to their suffering.

iubere

To order or command; Nero iubet architects and artisans to construct his extravagant designs.

succedere

To succeed or come after; Nero successit Claudius as emperor in 54 AD, after Claudius's death.

What is the structure of an indirect statement in Latin?

An indirect statement includes a verb of the head + accusative subject + infinitive verb, often used to report someone's thoughts or words.

Translate: Nero putabat se esse poetam.

Nero thought that he was a poet. This showcases Nero's inflated ego, as he fancied himself an artist.

How do infinitive tenses reflect time in indirect statements?

Present infinitive = same time as the main verb; perfect infinitive = before the main verb; future infinitive = after the main verb.

What is the ablative of agent?

Used with a passive verb and indicates the person by whom the action is done; usually marked by the preposition 'a' or 'ab'.

What is the ablative absolute?

A noun and participle in the ablative forming a dependent clause, grammatically independent from the main clause.

What are the forms of adjective comparison?

Positive (normal form), comparative (more than), and superlative (most) forms of adjectives used to describe varying degrees of a quality.

Translate: Domus Aurea erat splendidior quam ceterae domus.

The Golden House was more splendid than the other houses, demonstrating the extravagance of Nero's construction.

What is an alternative to “quam” in comparisons?

Instead of using “quam,” you can use the ablative case to indicate comparison.

What are the forms of ‘hic, haec, hoc’ (this)?

Masc: hic, huius, huic, hunc, hoc; Fem: haec, huius, huic, hanc, hac; Neut: hoc, huius, huic, hoc, hoc.

Translate: Illa domus erat plena auro.

That house was full of gold, indicating its opulence and wealth.

How can you tell a noun’s declension?

Look at the genitive singular ending; each declension has a distinctive ending that identifies it.

What are the gender patterns for declensions?

1st declension: mostly feminine; 2nd declension: masculine/neuter; 3rd declension: all genders; 4th declension: mostly masculine; 5th declension: mostly feminine.

What are the four conjugations in the present tense?

1st conjugation: -are; 2nd conjugation: -ēre; 3rd conjugation: -ere; 4th conjugation: -ire. These are the infinitive endings.

What are the principal parts of a Latin verb?

Present, infinitive, perfect, supine/PPP. These parts are essential for identifying and conjugating Latin verbs.

What are the 3 main types of Latin participles?

Present Active Participle (PAP), Perfect Passive Participle (PPP), Future Active Participle (FAP).

Translate: Milites picturas videntes laetissimi erant.

The soldiers, seeing the paintings, were very happy. This shows the simultaneous action of seeing and being happy.

What are the six Latin infinitives?

Present Active, Present Passive, Perfect Active, Perfect Passive, Future Active, Future Passive. Each form indicates a different tense and voice.

Translate: Nero dixit se recitavisse.

Nero said that he had recited, indicating a past action relative to the saying.

Forms of ‘qui, quae, quod’ (who, which)?

Nom: qui, quae, quod; Gen: cuius; Dat: cui; Acc: quem, quam, quod; Abl: quo, qua, quo. These forms are used to connect clauses and provide additional information.

Translate: Domus, quae aurea erat, omnes miravit.

The house, which was golden, amazed everyone. This describes a characteristic of the house that caused amazement.

How do adjectives and nouns agree?

Adjectives and nouns must agree in gender, number, and case, but they do not necessarily have to be in the same declension.

What is the ablative of means?

Shows the tool or method used to perform an action; no preposition is needed; it answers the question 'by what means?'

How do neuter nouns behave differently?

In neuter nouns, the nominative and accusative forms are always the same, and the plural forms end in -a.