PH lab

an equal number of H+ and OH ions are produced

When water dissociate

the dissociation of water into hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions.

H2O ↔ H+ + OH-

A substance that increases the number of H+ ions in a solution.

Acid

Hydrogen chloride dissociating into a hydrogen ion and chloride ion.

HCl → H+ + Cl-

A substance that decreases the number of H+ ions in a solution or produces OH- ions when dissolved in water.

Base

Sodium hydroxide dissociating into sodium and hydroxide ions.

NaOH → Na+ + OH-

A measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution ranging from 0 to 14.

pH scale

A solution with a pH of 7 where the number of H+ and OH- ions are equal.

Neutral solution

A solution with a pH lower than 7, meaning there are more H+ ions than OH- ions.

Acidic solution

A solution with a pH greater than 7, indicating more OH- ions than H+ ions.

Basic solution

The formula used to calculate the pH of a solution based on the concentration of hydrogen ions.

pH = -log10[H+]

A scale in which each unit decrease in pH represents a ten-fold increase in H+ ion concentration.

Logarithmic scale

A solution that minimizes changes in pH when acids or bases are added.

Buffer

with a weak acid and weak base

Buffer pair

do not dissociate readily into their ions

weak acids and bases

does dissociate almost completely

strong acids and bases

The buffer combines with the extra H+ ions and helps minimize the change in ph is what solution

acidic solution

The buffer will release H+ions to help minimize the change in pH

basic solution