PSYC 2002 Exam Review Flashcards

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and concepts related to anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and neurodevelopmental disorders vital for the PSYC 2002 exam.

Anxiety Disorders

A group of mental health disorders characterized by excessive fear or anxiety that persists beyond developmental norms.

Fear

A psychophysiological response to immediate danger, often leading to fight or flight responses.

Anxiety

A psychophysiological response to future threats or challenges, often vague and persistent even without a definitive end point.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Characterized by excessive, persistent worry about multiple aspects of life.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Involves recurrent obsessions and/or compulsions that are distressing and impair functioning.

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)

Involves a preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control.

Manic Episode

A period of at least one week of elevated mood and increased activity or energy.

Hypomanic Episode

A period lasting at least four days of elevated mood and increased energy that is less severe than a manic episode.

Bipolar I Disorder

Characterized by at least one manic episode, which may be preceded or followed by hypomanic or depressive episodes.

Bipolar II Disorder

Characterized by at least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Defined by at least one major depressive episode without a history of manic or hypomanic episodes.

Depressive Episode Criteria A

Characterized by at least five symptoms over a two-week period, including depressed mood or loss of interest.

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT)

A treatment based on the idea that interpretations of situations drive emotional and behavioural responses.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

A group of conditions with onset in the developmental period, causing impairments in personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development.

Tourette’s Disorder

Involves the presence of multiple motor tics and one or more vocal tics over a year-long period.

Psychophysiological Response

The bodily reaction to psychological stimuli, common in both fear and anxiety.

Social Interaction Deficits

A hallmark feature of ASD, characterized by challenges in sharing emotions and understanding social cues.

Criterion for ADHD

Includes both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms persisting for at least six months.

DSM-5

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, which classifies and describes mental disorders.

What are common symptoms of anxiety disorders?

Symptoms may include excessive worry, restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbances.

What is the difference between fear and anxiety?

Fear is an immediate response to a known threat, while anxiety is a more diffuse and prolonged feeling regarding potential future threats.

What is a common treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and/or medication such as antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications are common treatments for GAD.

What triggers obsessive-compulsive behaviors in OCD?

Obsessions, which are intrusive thoughts, lead individuals to engage in compulsive behaviors as a way to relieve anxiety.

What are the key features of Bipolar I Disorder?

It includes at least one manic episode, which may alternate with depressive episodes.

What defines a manic episode?

A manic episode is characterized by a period of elevated mood and increased energy lasting at least one week.

What is the hallmark of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

The hallmark feature is at least one major depressive episode without any previous manic or hypomanic episodes.

What is the impact of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) on daily life?

ASD can lead to challenges in social interaction, communication, and restrictive or repetitive behaviors that affect daily functioning.

What are common treatments for ADHD?

Treatments for ADHD commonly include behavioral therapies, psychoeducation, and medications like stimulants.

How is Tourette’s Disorder characterized?

Tourette’s Disorder features multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic, with symptoms persisting for more than one year.

What is the age of onset for Neurodevelopmental Disorders?

Neurodevelopmental Disorders typically manifest during the developmental period, usually before a child enters grade school.

What are the social communication deficits in ASD?

Social communication deficits may involve difficulty understanding and using verbal and non-verbal communication in interactions.

What are some effects of anxiety on physical health?

Chronic anxiety can lead to cardiovascular problems, digestive issues, and a weakened immune system.

How long must ADHD symptoms persist to meet diagnostic criteria?

ADHD symptoms must persist for at least six months to meet diagnostic criteria.

What is a common misconception about manic episodes?

Many people think manic episodes are simply periods of happiness, while they can also include irritability and impairment in functioning.

What types of professionals can diagnose mental health disorders?

Licensed psychologists, psychiatrists, and clinical social workers are typically qualified to diagnose mental health disorders.

What is a common co-occurring condition with OCD?

Anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder or social anxiety, commonly co-occur with OCD.

What can help improve social interaction skills in children with ASD?

Intervention strategies, such as social skills training and role-playing, can help improve social interaction in children with ASD.

What are potential side effects of common medications for anxiety?

Side effects may include drowsiness, dry mouth, nausea, and increased heart rate.

What role does the DSM-5 play in mental health diagnoses?

The DSM-5 provides standardized criteria and classifications for diagnosing