Adrenergics and the Nervous System

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to adrenergics and the nervous system, focusing on their roles in respiratory care and pharmacology.

Adrenergics

Agents that stimulate adrenergic receptors in the sympathetic nervous system.

Alpha receptors

Receptors activated by norepinephrine that typically cause vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure.

Beta 1 receptors

Receptors that increase heart rate and force of contraction when activated.

Beta 2 receptors

Receptors that cause bronchodilation and smooth muscle relaxation when activated.

Cyclic AMP (cAMP)

A secondary messenger that mediates the effects of β2 adrenergic agonists leading to smooth muscle relaxation.

Cholinergic agents

Drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system by activating acetylcholine receptors.

Muscarinic receptors

Cholinergic receptors that mediate effects such as decreased heart rate and bronchoconstriction.

Sympathetic division

Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the 'fight or flight' response.

Parasympathetic division

Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for 'rest and digest' functions.

Bronchoconstriction

The narrowing of the airways which can be caused by various factors including inflammation and muscle contraction.

Bronchodilation

The widening of the airways, which is crucial for improving airflow in conditions like asthma.

Phosphodiesterase

An enzyme that breaks down cAMP, thus affecting smooth muscle contraction.

Anticholinergic agents

Drugs that block the action of acetylcholine, leading to effects like bronchodilation.

Sympathomimetic drugs

Medications that mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system.

Tolerance

The body's adaptation to a drug over time, which can lessen its effectiveness.

Beta agonists

Medications that stimulate β receptors, leading to bronchodilation and increased airflow.

SABA

Short-Acting Beta Agonists, used for quick relief of acute bronchospasm.

LABA

Long-Acting Beta Agonists, intended for long-term control of asthma and COPD symptoms.

Epinephrine (adrenaline, primatene mist)

Dosage SVN 2.5-5mg

Racemic Epinephrine

Dosage SVN 0.25-0.5 ml

Albuterol

Dosage SVN 2.5-5mg

Levalbuterol (xopenex)

Dosage SVN 0.31, 0.63, 1.25 mg

Salmeterol (serevent)

Dosage DPI 50mcg/ inhalation

Formoterol (foradil, perforomist)

Dosage SVN 20mcg/2ml

DPI 12mcg/inhalations