Typical Signs and Symptoms

signs

objective; based from a clinician's observation

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symptoms

subjective; experiences of the patient; presenting problem

syndrome

constellation of signs and symptom

consciousness

state of awareness

sensation

how we perceive things as is

apperception

perception modified by one's own thoughts and emotions; different interpretations on same things

sensorium

general awareness of our surroundings; state of functioning of the five senses

disorientation

disturbed orientation regarding time, place, or person; a prototypical disoriented individual does not know the time, place and the people they're with

delirium

confusion (u don't know kung tama ba 'yung kinabibilangan mo), restlessness (includes convulsion) , bewilderment and a disoriented reaction with hallucinations and delusions

hallucination

false senses, no external stimuli (yet still hearing, seeing and feeling something, etc.)

delusion

false belief persisting in spite of evidence (seeing / believing a chair to be a log) an external stimuli is present but an individual interprets it differently

clouding of consciousness

a state of perceptual and cognitive confusion

stupor

extreme unresponsiveness and loss of orientation to the environment; common to people with schizophrenia

twilight state

disturbance in consciousness with hallucinations; clouded awareness, dreamlike in a way na present ang transient disturbances in alertness, attention, and consciousness

twilight state

characterized by reduced vigilance and, consequently, reactivity, frequently accompanied by disorientation in time and space

dreamlike state

psychomotor epilepsy or complex partial seizure

somnolence

abnormal drowsiness

coma vigil (akinetic mutism)

patient appears to be sleeping but is aroused easily (Tao na comatose, unconscious pero kaya i-open ung mata but unresponsive; hindi nagsasalita)

coma

deep stupor with loss of consciousness, voluntary behavior and some reflexes

attention

selective aspects of perception

distractibility

inability to concentrate or focus

selective attention

blocking out of anxiety-causing stimuli

hypervigilance

excessive focus and attention to a certain stimulus

suggestibility

Uncritical and compliant response to influence an idea

folie a deux

shared psychosis; part of somatic symptom disorder

hypnosis

artificially induced consciousness

emotion

a complex feeling or state related to mood and affect with psychic, somatic and behavioral components

affect

expression or outward manifestation of emotion observable to others; temporary (related to words and actions such as tone of voice, facial expression)

mood

sustained and pervasive emotion subjectively experiences and reported by the patient and is observable to others; pervasive (2 week period of depression to be diagnosed with clinical depression, 1 week of manic episodes to be diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder 1)

physiological disturbances

somatic dysfunction of a person associated with depression (Physiological symptoms of a person with depression: fatigue, changes in appetite or weight (decrease but mostly increase), di makatulog or palaging tulog)

appropriate affect

harmony of actions and emotions

inappropriate affect

inconsistency of actions and emotions

restricted / constricted affect

reduction in the intensity of feeling tone

blunted affect

severe reduction in the intensity of the externalized feeling tone; severe reduction but the emotion communicated can still be felt or observed

flat affect

absence or near absence of any signs of affective expression; robotic, walang any sign of affective emotion; no non-verbal language observed

labile affect

rapid & abrupt changes in affect; same story told, but initially narrated with happiness but ends with anger despite having the same context

dysphoric mood

an unpleasant mood, such as sadness, anxiety, or irritability

euthymic mood

normal range of mood, implying absence of depressed or elevated mood

expansive mood

expression of one's feeling without any restraint;

used to describe a person in a manic episode (those with endless energy and often times impulsive);

irritable mood

easily annoyed and provoked to anger

expansive mood

MORE DANGEROUS COMPARED TO EXPANSIVE AND ELEVATED MOODS DUE TO THE LACK OF RESTRAINT

mood swings (labile mood)

moving between euphoria and depression or anxiety

elevated mood

air of enjoyment and confidence

euphoria (euphoric mood)

intense elation with feelings of grandeur

ecstasy

feeling of intense rapture or delight

depression

psychopathological feeling of sadness

anhedonia

loss of interest and withdrawal from regular and pleasurable activities

grief / mourning

sadness that is appropriate to a real loss

alexithymia

inability or difficulty in describing one's mood or emotion; common to people coming to therapy sessions

anxiety

feeling of apprehension that is caused by anticipation of danger/threat; threat is UNKNOWN

free-floating anxiety (GAD)

unfocused or pervasive fear that is not attached to any idea

fear

anxiety caused by a consciously recognized and realistic danger; PRESENCE of threat

agitation

motor restlessness with severe anxiety; seen in people with dementia (especially if they have traumatic past experiences)

tension

unpleasant increased motor and psychological activity; unconscious feeling built up from within

panic

acute, episodic, intense anxiety attack; does not have specific triggers

apathy

dulled emotional tone associated with indifference or detachment; detached from social relationship; indifferent to others

apathy in schizoid personality disorder

Gaining no enjoyment from personal relationships and having little desire to pursue them. Showing an apathetic attitude towards praise or criticism.

ambivalence

two opposing impulses; seen in people with BPD

anorexia

loss or decrease in appetite

hyperphagia

increase in appetite and food intake

hypersomnia / excessive daytime sleepiness / prolonged drowsiness

excessive sleeping; differs from somnolence in a way that this refers to having the ability to control sleepiness yet the consistent need to sleep again is present

insomnia

lack of ability to fall asleep

initial insomnia

difficulty in falling asleep (matagal bago makatulog)

middle insomnia

difficulty sleeping through the night or going back to sleep (nakatulog agad pero paggising gising in the middle of the night)

terminal insomnia

early morning awakening (matagal nakatulog (initial) pero maagang nagising); may be a combination of initial and middle insomnia

diurnal variation

mood is regularly worst in the morning; differs from those who are not "morning persons" as this causes dysfunction but the latter does not

diminished libido

decreased sexual interest, drive and performance

constipation

inability or difficulty defecating; physiological disturbance in mood (e.g. combined with anorexia)

echopraxia

pathological imitation of movement of another person; commonly sein in children with developmental disorders

catatonia

a general term referring to motor anomalies in non-organic disorders (walang brain pathology or injury)

negativism

motiveless resistance to all instructions; may be seen in children with developmental disorder (e.g. ASD) and people with conduct disorder

catalepsy

constantly maintained immobile position ; a neurological finding of prolonged muscular rigidity and immobility, where the individual's limbs remain in an unnatural, fixed posture

catatonic excitement

agitated, purposeless motor activity; commonly seen in people with schizophrenia

catatonic stupor

slowed motor activity; seen in individuals suffering from stroke

catatonic rigidity

voluntary assumption of a rigid posture, held against all efforts to be moved

catatonic posturing

voluntary assumption of an inappropriate or bizarre posture

cerea flexibilities (waxy flexibility)

can be mold into a position that is maintained

cataplexy

temporary muscle weakness

stereotypy

repetitive fixed pattern of physical action or speech; seen in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

mannerism

deep seated/ingrained and habitual involuntary movement (usually done subconsciously)

automatism

unconscious automatic performance of an act (e.g. lutang and being in a trance state and then wondering how you got into a place from another)

command automatism

automatic following of suggestions; opposite of negativism

mutism

voicelessness caused by structural abnormalities or physical condition

overactivity

over psychomotor activity (ang daming naririnig or bumubulong, ang daming iniisip)

psychomotor agitation

excessive motor and cognitive overactivity

hyperactivity (hyperkinesis)

restless, aggressive, and destructive activity; aggressive and destructive as individuals are not aware of spatial environment

tic

involuntary, spasmodic motor movement; seen in people with Tourette syndrome

sleepwalking (somnambulism)

motor activity during sleep

akathisia

e. subjective feeling of muscular tension (aching of muscles kahit wala ka namang ginagawa or wala namang extremely straining activity), walang physical evidence

compulsion

uncontrollable impulse to perform an act repetitively; the act itself

dipsomania

drinking of alcohol (paulit ulit na pag-inom ng alak despite the negative effects of it)

kleptomania

stealing (compulsion to steal kahit na sinasabi mo sa sarili mo na hindi yon dapat ginagawa / however u still end up doing it to feed the compulsion, not because interesado ka doon sa object)

nymphomania

iii. need for coitus in a woman (layman's: hypersexuality)

satyriasis

need for coitus in a man

trichotillomania

pull one's hair (pulling hair not with the intention to appear or feel pretty, pero meron lang compulsive need to pull hair anywhere on the body)

ritual

automatic activity compulsive in nature, anxiety-reducing in origin

hypoactivity (hypokinesis)

decreased in motor and cognitive activity, psychomotor retardation; usually felt by people with depression; learned helplessness

mimicry

simple, imitative motor activity of childhood

aggression

forceful, goal-directed action

acting out

direct expression of unconscious wish or impulse in action (e.g. tantrums, shouting)