Self efficacy a3

Self-Efficacy Theory

The self ability to produce a deseried or intended result

Who's proposed self efficacy

Bandura 1977

What do people with high self efficacy believe

They believe they will be successful and thus have more motivation to tackle difficult tasks and will likely persist and put in more effort to change

What do people with low self efficacy believe

Makes them believe they wont succeed which leads to avoiding challenges

What are the 4 main sources of awareness

Mastery experiences

Vicarious reinforcement

Social persuasion

Emotional states

what are mastery experiences

an experience that leads to a knowledge that we can or cannot perform a task again in the future

vicarious reinforcement

process where the observer sees the model rewarded, making the observer more likely to imitate the model's behavior

social persuasion

encouragement or discouragement from others that can have a profound effect on self efficacy

emotional states

can influence self efficacy. reduced self efficacy= stress, anxiety, fear

increased self efficacy= relaxed

Evidence to support self efficacy theory

-stretcher et al (1986) reviewed multiple studies to show there is a large body of research to support the effectiveness of this theory

-it was found that many studies a string relationship between self efficacy beliefs and behaviour change, those with high self-efficacy more likely to achieve success than someone with low self-efficacy

-this shows that self-efficacy is a consistent predictor of behaviour change in the short and long term

Evidence against self efficacy theory

-theory assumes that high self-efficacy is universally positive

-Vancouver et al 2002 demonstrated high self efficacy may lead to overconfidence, which means the individual makes less effort the next time they perform the task

-this suggests the theory is less effective because it does not predict some of the negative effects of self efficacy

Why is mastery experience the most important source of self efficacy

Because having an a experience of mastering a task successfully allows us to not only get practice, but also learn we can perform a task to improve our skills, these experiences lead to a knowledge that we can perform well in the task again in the future - failing may reduce the feelings of self- efficacy

How would mastery experiences improves someone's self efficacy

Providing opportunities to master a task successfully reduces chances of failure

When do we learn best

When we observe a model, meaning we could increase self- efficacy by observing a model successfully complete a task.

When is the power of vicarious reinforcement stronger

When we perceive our model as being similar (identification)

What programmes use vicarious reinforcement

Weight watchers and Alcoholics Anonymous are excellent vicarious reinforces which increase self efficacy - we see others in the same position believe in themselves and show us how to achieve similar goals

Example of social persuasion

'You can do it'

How does social persuasion increase self efficacy

Persuasive phrases, reaffirming you can succeed - increasing your self-efficacy

What does social persuasion depend on

Perceived credibility, so qualifications and experience improve our trust

Is social persuasion more influential than mastery experiences or vicarious reinforcement

No

What does reduced self efficacy cause

Stress, anxiety, fear

What does increased self efficacy cause

Relaxed

Example of someone feeling negative emotional state

Someone starting the gym may feel one of the negative emotional states, and as a result expect to fail. A good trainer will try to remove emotional barriers in order to focus, and improves their self- efficacy

Strength of self efficacy theory

Provides a range of strategies to produce behaviour change