history

What is Imperialism?

The process by which one nation exerts political, social, and economic control over another, usually weaker nation.

What motivates European Imperialism?

European Nationalism, the Industrial Revolution, and Missionary Activity.

What was the first European power to colonize Southeast Asia?

The Dutch.

What city did Britain establish in 1819 that became crucial for trade?

Singapore.

Which Southeast Asian nation maintained its sovereignty during the era of imperialism?

Siam (modern-day Thailand).

Describe a Colony in terms of imperial rule.

A territory governed directly by an imperial nation.

What is a Protectorate?

A region where local rulers maintain their authority but must follow the directives of an imperial power.

What are Spheres of Influence?

Areas where a foreign nation has exclusive trading and investment rights.

What was the impact of British textiles on India?

They flooded the market, weakening local industries and forcing farmers to grow cash crops like cotton.

What led to the Sepoy Rebellion?

Heavy taxation and exploitative practices by the British in India.

What was the only independent African nation during the period of imperialism?

Liberia.

What were the Boer Wars?

Conflicts in South Africa between British settlers (Boers) and British control.

What caused the Opium Wars?

The British trade of opium with China, leading to significant territorial concessions to European powers.

What resulted from the Boxer Rebellion?

Nationalist uprisings in China aimed at expelling foreign powers.

What was the Indian National Congress?

An organization formed by Indian professionals to demand greater independence from British rule.

Define nationalism in the context of imperialism.

A strong sense of pride and devotion to one's nation, often leading to competition between nations.

What is militarism?

The policy of glorifying military power and preparing the army for war.

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

The most important treaty signed at the end of World War I, placing heavy reparations on Germany.

What were the mandates in the Middle East post-World War I?

Territories transferred from the control of one country to another, often resulting in feelings of nationalism among local populations.

Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks during the Russian Revolution?

Vladimir Lenin.

What was the main purpose of the League of Nations?

To prevent future wars and promote peace through international cooperation.