Bonding and Isomerism

Inorg and Org chem chapter 1

Angstrom

Is used to measure the size of atoms

-10^-4 Å

Size of the atom’s nucleus

1-5 Å

Size of the atom’s electron cloud

10^-10 m

1 Å is equivalent to how many meters?

1.0073 amu

Atomic mass unit of protons

1.0087 amu

Atomic mass unit of neutrons

5.468 × 10^-4 amu

Atomic mass unit of electrons

1+

Proton’s charge

0

Neutron’s charge

-1

Electron’s charge

Nucleus

Where are protons and neutrons located?

Electron cloud

Where are electrons located?

Protons and Neutrons

Contributes most to the mass of the atom

Electrons

Contributes most to the volume of the atom

Mass number/A

Protons + Neutrons = ?

Atomic number/Z

Number of protons or electrons

Isotope

Atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different mass number due to the different number of neutrons

Carbon isotopes

Isotopes of a certain element have the same chemical properties but different nuclear decay process, a good example is this element

Orbitals

Region of space surrounding the nucleus where there is a high probability of finding and electron

two electrons

Each orbital can contain a maximum of this many electrons

s and p orbitals

Most important orbitals in organic compounds

Electron configuration

The distribution of electrons of an atom in different shells and orbitals

Shells (1, 2, 3, 4)

Orbitals are grouped in

Lewis Symbol

Shows the valence electrons of an atom as dots

Octet Rule

Chemical bonding results in an atom having eight valence electrons in order to achieve stability

Ionic and Covalent bonding

2 possible ways of chemical bonding to achieve stability

Ionic bonding

Transferring of valence electrons from one metal and nonmetal atom

Electropositive

Tend to release or give electrons during ionic bonding

Electronegative

Tends to attract or receive an electron