CS-150 SDSU FINAL EXAM | Quizlet

Computer Program

A sequence of instructions and decisions that tells a computer, in minute detail, how to fulfill a task.

Hardware

The collective physical computer and peripheral devices

Software

The programs the computer executes

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Located at the heart of the computer, it performs program control and data processing.

Primary Storage

Storage made from memory chips—electronic circuits that can store data, provided they are supplied with electric power.

Secondary Storage

Usually a hard disk, it provides slower and less expensive storage that persists without electricity

Networks

An entity of interconnected computers that allow a computer to read data and programs from central storage locations or send data to other computers.

High-Level Programming Languages

Languages that specify the actions that a program should carry out.

Compiler

Translates the high-level instructions into more detailed instructions required by the CPU.

Applets

Java code that can be located anywhere in the Internet

Library

A collection of information that makes it possible to write portable programs that can bypass proprietary operating systems. Java has a very large one.

Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

A program that simulates a real CPU. Java programs are distributed as instructions for this, making them platform-independent.

Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

A place where one can write and test programs.

Editor

A program that functions like a word processor made for entering and modifying text, such as a Java program

Class

The fundamental building blocks of Java programs; its name must be the same as the file name and vice versa

Method

Contains a collection of programming instructions that describe how to carry out a particular task. Every Java application must have a main method. It's a named collection of statements that are grouped together to perform an operation.

Argument

Any values the method needs to carry out its task.

String

A sequence of characters enclosed in quotation marks

Compile-Time Error

Also known as a syntax error, it is a violation of the programming rules that is detected by the compiler

Run-Time Error

An error that causes a program to take an action that the programmer did not intend. Sometimes called logic errors

Exception

A run-time error so severe that the JVM sends an error message. o Ex. System.out.println(1 / 0); -> ERROR: "Division by Zero"

Pseudocode

An informal description of a sequence of steps for solving a problem

Algorithm

A sequence of steps that is ambiguous, executable, and terminating

Variable

A storage location in a computer program with a name.

Floating-Point Numbers

A number type in Java that allows for fractional parts (such as in the number 0.335). The most commonly used type in Java is called double.

Assignment Statement

Stores a new value in a variable, replacing a previously stored value. However, the reserved word "final" indicates that the value cannot be modified.

Magic Number

A numeric constant that appears in your code without explanation

Expression

The combination of variables, literals, operators, and/or method calls.

Ex. (a + b) / 2

Modulus (% operator)

Also known as the "remainder operator". It executes the division operator but stores the remainder value.

Cast

An operator that converts number types to another number type.

Prompt

A message that tells the user which input is expected.

Package

A collection of classes with a related purpose. All classes in the Java library are contained in these

Application Programming Interface (API)

Documentation that lists the classes and methods of the Java library

Immutable/ constant

Once it is created, it can never be changed.

Primitive variable

Variable that holds a value. Lowercase types.

Ex. double, int.

Uses == to compare.

Wrapper variable

Holds value of its memory location. Uppercase types.

Ex. Integer, Double

Uses .equals() to compare.

String literals

Character sequences enclosed in DOUBLE quotes, such as "Harry".

Concatenation

The + operator used to put strings together to yield a longer string

Escape Sequence

Sequences that utilize the "backslash" or \

Character

A value of the type char. They have numeric values.

Ex. 'H' is encoded as 72. Can only hold exactly one character.

Character literals

Character sequences enclosed in SINGLE quotes, such as 'w'.

Relational Operators

Operators that compare two values. (i.e. <, >, ==, >=, !=)

"Nested" Statements

When a statement is inside of another statement (e.g. an if statement within an if statement, a loop within a loop, or an if statement within a loop, etc.)

Boolean Operator

Combine conditions like && (and) and || (or).

boolean type

a type with only two possible values: true or false.

Loop

A statement that executes instructions repeatedly while a condition is true

Arguments (Actual Parameters)

Values that are supplied when a method is called

Return Value

The result that the method computes

Black Box

A term used by engineers for a device with a given specification but unknown implementation.

Parameter Variables (Formal Parameters)

Variables that are declared for each argument. They hold the arguments supplied in the method call.

Return statement

A statement that terminates a method call and yields the method result

Void method

A return type that indicates that a method does not return a value.

Scope

The part of the program in which a variable is visible

Local Variable

A variable that is defined within a method

Recursive Method

A method that calls itself.

Array

A list that collects a sequence of values of the same type.

Two Dimensional Array (Matrix)

An arrangement consisting of rows and columns of values

Bounds Error

An error which occurs if you supply an invalid array index, which can cause a program to terminate.

Array Reference

A reference that specifies the location of an array. Copying the reference yields a second reference to the same array

Linear Search (Sequential Search)

A search that inspects elements in a sequence until a match is found

Array List

A list that stores a sequence of values whose size can change as values are added

Wrapper Classes

Classes that collect numbers in array lists.

Auto-Boxing

Automatic conversion between primitive types and the corresponding wrapper class.

Literals

The source code representation of a fixed value; they are represented directly in your code without requiring computation Ex. boolean result = true;

boolean: is the data type

true: is the literal

Primitive Types

Special data types built into the language; they are not objects created from a class. Java has four families of them: 1. Integers

2. Floating-point numbers

3. Characters

4. True/false values called boolean.

Two's Complement

The negative of a binary number represented by switching all ones to zeros and all zeros to ones, then adding one to the result.

byte

8-bits!!! It is useful for saving memory in large arrays, where the memory saving actually matters.

RANGE: -128 minimum to 127 maximum (inclusive)

DEFAULT VALUE: 0

short

A 16-bit type. Like byte, you can use this to save memory in large arrays.

RANGE: -32,768 minimum to 32,767 maximum (inclusive). DEFAULT VALUE: 0

int

A 32-bit type.

RANGE: -2^31 (-2 billion) minimum to 2^31 - 1 maximum (-2 billion(inclusive). DEFAULT VALUE: 0

long

A 64-bit (8 bytes) type. Largest range of values.

DEFAULT VALUE: 0L

float

a single-precision 32-bit (4 bytes) floating point type. Used for precise types like currency.

DEFAULT VALUE: 0.0f

double

a double-precision 64-bit (8 bytes) floating point type. Default choice for decimal values.

char

A single 16-bit (2 bytes) Unicode character

Decimal Number System

A number system based off of base 10. These are still integers. Don't start thinking about decimal points!

parse

Converts a primitive type into a String.

En progreso (1)

Comenzaste a estudiar estos términos. ¡Sigue así!