RM3

Case Study

examines an individual or groups to find answers to questions

pros: in-depth study of the subject

cons: expensive, timely, and may involve false conclusions

Naturalistic Observation

observing and recording behavior in the subject’s natural setting

pros: good snapshot of life

cons: intruding on the environment, extensive time, and can’t generalize

Survey

obtaining self-reported behaviors of a particular group

pros: inexpensive, fast, and gather lots of data

cons: biased results (review vocab)

Correlation

a measure of the extent to which the factors vary together

notes:

* positive correlation - moves together
* negative correlation - move opposite

Wording Effect

(Survey Bias) - when a specific word in a question affects how or in which order the question is answered

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Social Desirability Bias

a tendency to give socially-acceptable answers

False Consensus Effect

the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share their beliefs and behaviors

Causation

cause and effect, can only be established in experiment in terms of psych research

Illusory Correlation

the perception of a relationship where none exists; the basis for many superstitions