Ground School - Air Law

What are Visual Flight Rules (VFR)?

Rules that apply when flying with visual reference of the ground.

What do Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) entail?

Rules that apply when flying in reference to the instruments in the cockpit.

What are Special Visual Flight Rules (SVFR)?

Rules when operating under weather conditions that do not meet VFR within a control zone.

How is Visibility defined in aviation?

The ability to see and identify prominent objects, determined by atmospheric conditions.

What does the term Ceiling refer to?

The lowest height at which a broken or overcast condition exists.

What is Flight Visibility?

The average range of visibility from the cockpit at any given time.

What is Ground Visibility?

Visibility reported from an aerodrome by ATC or flight service station.

Define Day/Daylight in aviation terms.

The time between the beginning of morning civil twilight and the end of evening.

What is Night in aviation context?

The time between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight.

What is Civil Twilight?

When the center of the sun’s disc is less than 6 degrees below the horizon.

What must every pilot and student maintain?

A personal logbook that is up to date to track flight experience and recency.

What is Flight Time?

Total time from the moment an aircraft moves using its own power to when it comes to rest.

What is Air Time?

Time from when an aircraft leaves the surface to when it lands.

What are the required entries in a personal logbook?

Pilot’s name, date of flight, type of aircraft, flight crew position, flight conditions, flight time, and more.

What does ATC Clearance authorize?

Authorization from ATC for an aircraft to proceed within controlled airspace under specified conditions.

What are Visual Light Signals used for?

Signals given by ATC when they cannot communicate with an aircraft to give instructions and clearance.

What do series of green flashes mean on the ground?

Cleared to move on the ground.

What does a steady green light indicate?

Cleared for takeoff.

What does a series of red flashes signify?

Landing area in use.

What is indicated by a steady red light?

The pilot must stop.

What should a pilot do when receiving a flashing white light?

Return to the starting point at the airport.

In flight, what does a series of red flashes signal?

Airport is unsafe, do not land.

What does the firing of a red pyrotechnical light mean?

Do not land for the time being.

What are the three recency requirements to use a pilot’s license?

Acted as pilot in command in the last 5 years, completed flight review in the last 12 months, or completed recurrent training in the last 2 years.

To carry passengers, what must a pilot have completed in the last six months?

At least 5 takeoffs and landings in the same aircraft category or 2 takeoffs and landings with an instructor in a glider.

What is a Medical Certificate?

A valid document required to exercise the privileges of a pilot's license.

What is the validity period of a glider pilot’s certificate?

60 months.

What does a private pilot’s medical certificate valid for if under 40 years of age?

60 months.

What happens if someone is in the 30th week of pregnancy?

They may not exercise the privileges of their pilot's license.

What must individuals produce upon request by authorities?

Aviation documents, records, or other related papers.

What must be inspected after an abnormal occurrence?

The aircraft must be inspected for damage prior to its next flight.

What are the required technical records an aircraft owner must keep?

Journey log, technical record for airframe and engines, and an empty weight balance report.

How must entries in technical records be made?

Accurately, legibly, and in a permanent manner.

What must the aircraft carry onboard unless it returns to the departure point?

A journey log.

What must an aircraft owner have before operating an aircraft?

Liability insurance covering risks of public liability.

What does the acronym AROWJIL stand for regarding documents required onboard?

Airworthiness Certificate, Registration Certificate, Operator Handbook, Weight and Balance, Journey Log, Liability Insurance, Aircrew Licenses.

What is an Aerodrome?

Any area of land or water designed for aircraft arrival, departure movement, and servicing.

What qualifies as an Airport?

An aerodrome for which a certificate is in force, meeting safety standards.

What area of an aerodrome is intended for takeoff and landing?

Maneuvering Area.

What should be done to aerodrome markers when closed permanently?

Remove all markers and markings.

What indicates the wind direction at a certified aerodrome?

Standard wind direction indicators (usually windsock).

What color lights indicate unserviceable portions of the movement area?

Red lights or red retro-reflective markers.

What signals do marshallers use to guide pilots?

Hand signals for taxiing, stopping, turning, and slowing down.

What is a Displaced Threshold?

An area of a runway used for taxi, landing roll, and initial takeoff rolls that is not the beginning of the runway.

What is prohibited on an aerodrome movement area?

Walking, standing, driving, or parking without permission.

What must a pilot be satisfied of before taking off or landing?

No likelihood of collision and the aerodrome is suitable for intended operation.

What is a Mandatory Frequency (MF) area?

An area around an uncontrolled aerodrome where all traffic must be on the designated frequency.

What must a VFR aircraft do when entering an MF area?

Maintain a listening watch on the specified frequency.

What are the minimum instruments required for day VFR in a glider?

An altimeter, airspeed indicator, magnetic compass, and adequate radio communication.

What is the minimum flight visibility for VFR in controlled airspace?

Not less than three miles.

What is required for a Special Visual Flight Rules (SVFR) request?

Pilot must request and be authorized while ground visibility cannot be less than one mile.

How many main airspace categories exist in Canadian Domestic Airspace?

Seven main categories, named A through G.

What airspace is defined around an airport?

Control Zone.

What is the right of way for emergency aircraft?

Emergency aircraft has the right of way.

What altitude restriction exists for operating over an aerodrome?

No PIC shall operate an aircraft below 2000 ft over an aerodrome unless landing or taking off.

What should never be dropped from an aircraft?

Hazardous objects.

What should a pilot report before entering the maneuvering area?

Intention to enter the area, position, and altitude.

Who is responsible for filing arrival reports after landing?

The pilot in command of the aircraft.

What time frame is given for filing an arrival report after landing if using a flight plan?

As soon as practical after landing but no later than 1 hour after last reported ETA.

What happens when the arrival report is filed?

Closes the flight plan or itinerary and stops search and rescue notifications.

What should be done if there is a major aircraft repair?

Reportable as an aviation accident.

What is required for a VFR flight plan to be filed?

Required unless the flight is conducted within 25NM of the departure point.

What does CAR stand for in aviation legislature?

Canadian Aviation Regulations.

What must be done to correct an entry in a technical record?

Strike out the incorrect entry and document changes with name and date.

What should an aircraft do during takeoff and landing in general procedures at an aerodrome?

Maintain a continuous listening watch on the relevant frequency.

What happens if a flight plan has not been filed for a longer flight?

It is required if the flight leaves Canada.

What should a pilot maintain a logbook for?

To track flying experience and recency.

What must a pilot have before conducting an aircraft takeoff?

Valid pilot license and required medical certificate.

What should be carried on board an aircraft as proof of liability?

A liability insurance certificate.

What aircraft manual must be carried onboard?

Operator’s Manual/Pilot Operating Handbook.

What must the aerodrome operator do regarding wind direction indicators?

Must install unless the direction can be determined by radio or other means.

What defines the marking of a moving area that is closed?

Conspicuous colored materials or dye.

What indicates an aircraft has taxied straight ahead?

The marshaller's signal of extending arms and moving hands.

What should be done after an abnormal occurrence?

Inspect the aircraft for damage before next flight.

What is the responsibility of a peace officer regarding aviation documents?

Must produce upon request by the officer.

What must owners keep regarding aircraft history?

A journey log, technical records, and weight and balance report.

What is the pilot’s responsibility regarding technical records?

Entries must be accurate, legible, and signed.

What does the acronym W&B stand for?

Weight and Balance.

What is the maximum altitude for operating VFR aircraft over an aerodrome unless landing or taking off?

2000 ft AGL.

What phase does an arrival report officially end?

It terminates all alerting services concerning search and rescue.

What happens if an aircraft does not meet its airworthiness limitations?

It is against the law to fly until it is maintained accordingly.

What is necessary before an aircraft can land in poor visibility under SVFR?

Pilot must request and be authorized, with ground visibility of at least one mile.

What factors define minimum visibility conditions for VFR operations?

Flight visibility and distances from clouds.

What should happen following legal aviation occurrences?

Report to authorities within specified time frames.

What actions should a pilot avoid during flight over built-up areas?

Conducting takeoff/landing at altitudes that are not easily landable.

What is prohibited during aerobatic maneuvers?

Aerobatics over built-up areas and in poor visibility conditions.

What activity does a PIC need to arrange regarding formation flying?

Must prearrange with other pilots or get ATC authorization.

What are the requirements for carrying a glider during VFR operations?

Must have essential flight instruments and communication equipment.

What frequencies must be monitored when operating in an MF area?

The specified frequency for that area.

How is a flight plan defined?

A formal declaration of an aircraft's intended route and schedule.

What should the aircraft report upon entering an uncontrolled aerodrome?

Position, altitude, and intentions.

What must occur if the aircraft encounters a problem mid-flight?

Report to ATC or relevant authorities as necessary.

What rights do pilots have in controlled zones?

They must follow ATC instructions for landing and taxiing.

What event can initiate search and rescue for a flight plan?

If there is no contact 1 hour after the last ETA report.

What actions can a pilot take if minor maintenance is needed?

Perform certain elementary maintenance tasks without a maintenance release.

What defines a pilot's actions in emergency situations?

They have the right of way over all other aircraft.

What steps should be followed for correcting entries in technical records?

Strike through, insert the correct information, and document the change.

What must all pilots entering a movement area ensure?

Clear of any potential collisions.

What must pilots' logbooks include regarding safety?

Entries must be made only by the pilot or with permission.

What is the result of an improperly maintained aircraft airplane?

It is against regulations to operate such an aircraft.