Topics in Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders: Quiz 1

What are the six components of Griffiths’ (2005) model of addiction?

1. Salience – drug dominates thoughts/behaviors. 2. Mood modification – using to feel better/cope. 3. Tolerance – need more for same effect. 4. Withdrawal – bad symptoms when stopping. 5. Conflict – drug use causes problems with self/others. 6. Relapse – going back to use after stopping.

What does it mean when Miller et al. (2019) say addiction is a biopsychosocial AND behavioral condition?

It means addiction involves biological (brain changes, cravings, tolerance), psychological (thoughts, feelings, coping styles), social (family, culture, environment), and behavioral (habits and repeated actions) factors.

What is salience?

The drug takes over life → always thinking about it, planning it, doing it.

What’s the DSM-5 view of addiction?

Substance Use Disorder with 11 criteria across 4 groups: 1. Impaired control 2. Social problems 3. Risky use 4. Physical dependence (tolerance & withdrawal).

What are two common counseling approaches for addiction (Lassiter & Culbreth, 2017)?

1. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): change thinking + behavior. 2. Motivational Interviewing (MI): build motivation and resolve ambivalence.

What is Motivational Interviewing (MI)?

Not confrontational; collaborative, client-centered; helps people explore ambivalence; goal: strengthen motivation to change.

Why is ambivalence important in treatment? (Miller et al., 2019)

People often feel two ways at once ('I want to stop' AND 'I don’t want to stop'). MI helps them sort that out instead of forcing them.

Who had higher rates of substance use and mental health disparities in Hughes et al. (2010)?

Lesbian and bisexual women (vs. heterosexual women).

Why might lesbian and bisexual women show more disparities? (Hughes et al., 2010)

1. Minority stress (discrimination, stigma). 2. Less access to supportive healthcare. 3. Coping with stress through substances.

Do racial/ethnic disparities in treatment still exist? (Pinedo, 2019)

Yes → minorities still face barriers, including: 1. Fewer resources. 2. Cultural stigma. 3. Lack of culturally tailored treatment. 4. Structural racism in healthcare systems.

How does Griffiths’ (2005) model connect to the biopsychosocial framework?

Each component fits: Bio: tolerance, withdrawal; Psycho: mood change, craving; Social: conflict with family, relapse triggered by environment.

What is the biopsychosocial model of addiction?

Addiction = combo of biology + psychology + social factors, not just one cause.

How should knowledge of disparities (Hughes & Pinedo) shape treatment (Lassiter & Miller)?

Counselors should: 1. Address discrimination and stigma. 2. Create culturally sensitive care. 3. Recognize minority stress and barriers. 4. Adapt therapy to each client’s background.

What role does tolerance play in addiction according to Griffiths’ model?

Tolerance refers to the need for increased amounts of the substance to achieve the same effect.

How is withdrawal defined in Griffiths’ model of addiction?

Withdrawal includes bad symptoms experienced when stopping drug use.

What does 'mood modification' entail in the context of addiction?

It refers to using substances to feel better or to cope with negative emotions.

What does the component of 'relapse' indicate in the addiction model?

Relapse indicates returning to substance use after a period of abstinence.

In Miller et al.'s view, what biological factors contribute to addiction?

Biological factors include brain changes, cravings, and tolerance.

What psychological aspects are considered in the addiction model?

Psychological aspects include thoughts, feelings, and coping styles.

What social factors are relevant to addiction according to the biopsychosocial model?

Social factors include family dynamics, cultural influences, and environmental context.

What is the impact of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in treating addiction?

CBT aims to change both thinking patterns and behaviors related to substance use.

What are the characteristics of Motivational Interviewing (MI)?

MI is non-confrontational, collaborative, and focuses on helping individuals explore their ambivalence.

How can counselors address minority stress in clients?

Counselors can recognize and address the unique stresses that minority clients face due to discrimination and stigma.

What barriers do racial and ethnic minorities face in addiction treatment?

Barriers include a lack of resources, cultural stigma, and insufficient culturally tailored treatment.

Why is it important for treatment to be culturally sensitive?

Culturally sensitive treatment can improve engagement and effectiveness for clients from diverse backgrounds.

How does the concept of 'conflict' relate to addiction?

Conflict arises when drug use negatively affects personal relationships or responsibilities.

What does it mean when someone is described as having 'impaired control' regarding substance use?

Impaired control indicates difficulty in stopping or limiting substance use despite progress.

Identify an example of risky use based on DSM-5 criteria for addiction.

Using substances in dangerous situations, such as driving under the influence.

Explain the importance of identifying 'social problems' in substance use disorders.

Social problems refer to how substance use affects relationships and social obligations.

Why is understanding withdrawal symptoms critical in addiction treatment?

Understanding withdrawal symptoms is crucial for safely managing the cessation of substance use.

Name one effect of structural racism in healthcare on addiction treatment.

Structural racism may lead to unequal access to addiction treatment resources.

What might counselors do to create a culturally sensitive care environment?

Counselors can educate themselves on cultural issues and adapt their strategies to meet clients' specific backgrounds.

What can happen during a relapse according to Griffiths' model?

A relapse can lead to a return to previous harmful patterns of substance use.

How can counselors help clients explore ambivalence in treatment?

Counselors can use Motivational Interviewing techniques to facilitate discussions around mixed feelings about change.

What is a key outcome for clients participating in Motivational Interviewing (MI)?

A key outcome is the strengthening of the client's motivation to change their substance use behaviors.

What does 'minority stress' contribute to for marginalized groups regarding addiction?

Minority stress can lead to increased substance use as a coping mechanism for discrimination.

What does 'cultural stigma' refer to in the context of addiction treatment for minorities?

Cultural stigma refers to negative perceptions and attitudes about addiction within specific communities.

How does tolerance affect an individual's experience of addiction?

Tolerance affects addiction by requiring the individual to consume more of the substance to achieve the desired effect.

What is one reason why women may use substances at different rates compared to men?

Women may face specific societal pressures and stressors that influence their substance use.

Explain the significance of planning when discussing salience in addiction.

Planning highlights the extent to which addiction consumes an individual's thoughts and actions.