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Topics in Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders: Quiz 1

Q: What are the six components of Griffiths’ (2005) model of addiction?

A:

  1. Salience – drug dominates thoughts/behaviors.

  2. Mood modification – using to feel better/cope.

  3. Tolerance – need more for same effect.

  4. Withdrawal – bad symptoms when stopping.

  5. Conflict – drug use causes problems with self/others.

  6. Relapse – going back to use after stopping.

Q: What does it mean when Miller et al. (2019) say addiction is a biopsychosocial AND behavioral condition?

A:

  • Biological: brain changes, cravings, tolerance.

  • Psychological: thoughts, feelings, coping styles.

  • Social: family, culture, environment.

  • Behavioral: habits and repeated actions keep it going.

Q: What is salience?

A: The drug takes over life → always thinking about it, planning it, doing it.

Q: What’s the DSM-5 view of addiction?

A: Substance Use Disorder with 11 criteria across 4 groups:

  1. Impaired control

  2. Social problems

  3. Risky use

  4. Physical dependence (tolerance & withdrawal).

🔹 Counseling Theory & Practice

Q: What are two common counseling approaches for addiction (Lassiter & Culbreth, 2017)?

A:

  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): change thinking + behavior.

  • Motivational Interviewing (MI): build motivation and resolve ambivalence.

Q: What is Motivational Interviewing (MI)?

A:

  • Not confrontational.

  • Collaborative, client-centered.

  • Helps people explore ambivalence (mixed feelings).

  • Goal: strengthen motivation to change.

Q: Why is ambivalence important in treatment? (Miller et al., 2019)

A: People often feel two ways at once (“I want to stop” AND “I don’t want to stop”). MI helps them sort that out instead of forcing them.

🔹 Addiction & Disparities

Q: Who had higher rates of substance use and mental health disparities in Hughes et al. (2010)?

A: Lesbian and bisexual women (vs. heterosexual women).

Q: Why might lesbian and bisexual women show more disparities? (Hughes et al., 2010)

A:

  • Minority stress (discrimination, stigma).

  • Less access to supportive healthcare.

  • Coping with stress through substances.

Q: Do racial/ethnic disparities in treatment still exist? (Pinedo, 2019)

A: Yes → minorities still face barriers, including:

  • Fewer resources.

  • Cultural stigma.

  • Lack of culturally tailored treatment.

  • Structural racism in healthcare systems.

🔹 Integration & Critical Thinking

Q: How does Griffiths’ (2005) model connect to the biopsychosocial framework?

A: Each component fits:

  • Bio: tolerance, withdrawal.

  • Psycho: mood change, craving.

  • Social: conflict with family, relapse triggered by environment.

Q: What is the biopsychosocial model of addiction?

A: Addiction = combo of biology + psychology + social factors, not just one cause.

Q: How should knowledge of disparities (Hughes & Pinedo) shape treatment (Lassiter & Miller)?

A: Counselors should:

  • Address discrimination and stigma.

  • Create culturally sensitive care.

  • Recognize minority stress and barriers.

  • Adapt therapy to each client’s background.