Studied by 87 PeopleAmerican policy on the eve of the Korean War
Tags & Description
American policy on the eve of the Korean War
Containment
Truman Doctrine
Support to countries fighting communism
Chinese Civil War
War between communist Mao Zse Tong and nationalist Chaing-Kai Shek. The communists took over and forced the nationalists to retreat to Taiwan. Mao victorious
NSC-68
A National Security Council document, approved by President Truman in 1950, developed in response to the Soviet Union's growing influence and nuclear capability; it called for an increase in the US conventional and nuclear forces to carry out the policy of containment
Korea was ruled by __________
Japanese Empire until 1945 and then the soviets and Americans take over
38th Parallel
Dividing line between North and South Korea
North Korea on the eve of war
Kim II Sung and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Communist Regime
South Korea on the eve of war
Syngman Rhee and the Republic of Korea. Pro-US
Guerilla warfare
type of fighting in which soldiers use swift hit-and-run attacks against the enemy. Pro-communist southerners vs army of the ROK trained by america
Stalins conditions for invading South Korea
US military needs to leave Korea completely
Rhee's government and the ROK on the verge of collapse
Strengthen North Korean Army with Soviet help
Communist china must agree to commit forces if necessary
International police action
Containment in action, UN authorizes it to stop North Korea. Not an invasion of the North, but to push North Koreans back to the 38th parallel
U.S. Eighth Army
This is what the UN and South Korea used led by Matthew B. Ridgeway to retake Seoul and move back to the 38th parallel. They used them as a spearhead.
Task force smith
Go north and hold the line
first attempt to hold North Korea
Retreat, large casualties for america
New mantra "No more task force smith"
Pusan Perimeter
a defensive line around the city of Pusan, in the southeast corner of Korea, held by South Korean and United Nations forces in 1950 during the Korean War; marks the farthest advance of North Korean forces. The perimeter holds
Natural defense of the Pusan perimeter defense
Naktong river
MacArthur's plan for Inchon
amphibious landings
Inchon Landings
--South Korea starts losing the war fairly quickly. Get pushed all the way to the southern tip at a place called the "Pusan Pocket". --In order to break out of the pocket, US general MacArthur takes troops around the peninsula and lands in Inchon. Takes the North Koreans completely by surprise. Very easy to take since it wasn't heavily defended. --Caused North Koreans to retreat back across the border.
Yalu River
River separating North Korea and China. UN forces close to the Yalu River caused Chinese intervention.
Who replaced General Walker when he was killed?
General Matthew Ridgway
Ridgway's Goal
Limited attacks (one hill at a time)
Keep the line stable at the 38th parallel
No more grand offensives or amphibious landings
A battle of wills (not to give up)
Executive Order 9981
President Truman desegregated US military
Fall of MacArthur
Wants to use atomic weapons ("No substitute for victory")
Fired by truman
Dropped by the Republican Party as their candidate
Got thrown a parade
Peace talks
Discussions to bring about an end to the war in Korea; takes 2 years.
Issues: where to but the north/South Korean border, how to establish air/sea space, and Chinese prisoners of war
Armistice signed July 27th, 1953
Impact of Korean War
Demonstrated the US Army was unprepared for combat
Began tradition of not officially declaring war
Showed that they needed better training and equipment
Racial integration can happen
Communism was contained
American public was disinterested in the war
Stalemate
China at the Cold War
Mao tse tung wins the civil war; they fall to communism
Formosa
Former name of Taiwan. This is where Chinese US allied forces flee
USC-68
Communism will be contained at all costs, signed by Truman. America commences massive military build-up
Who took over the presidency after 20 years of democrats?
Eisenhower
Arms race
Cold war competition between the U.S. and Soviet Union to build up their respective armed forces and weapons. Atomic bomb
Eisenhower's policy in Cold War
Assured Retaliation
Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)
A doctrine of military strategy in which a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by two opposing sides would effectively result in the destruction of both the attacker and the defender. Apocalypse
The stability-instability paradox
the belief that nuclear weapons and MAD make nuclear confrontation highly unlikely, but that this makes conventional warfare more likely as states know that conventional conflict will not escalate into nuclear confrontation. Both sides have nukes (stable) and reluctance to use nukes means conventional war might brake out (unstable)
Nikita Khrushchev
Leader who takes over after Stalin
Warsaw Pact
An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO
Sputnik
The world's first space satellite. This meant the Soviet Union had a missile powerful enough to reach the US.
Space Race
A competition of space exploration between the United States and Soviet Union.
NASA
Established by Eisenhower in response to "Rocket Fever" in the United States and the success of the Sputnik program in the Soviet Union.
Yuri Gagarin
First human in space (Soviet)
Alan Shepard
First American in space
The Berlin Crisis
Standoff between Khrushchev and Kennedy over control of West Germany. West Germany stays under western control, but Khrushchev builds the Berlin Wall as a result. (major foreign policy tests faced by the Kennedy Administration)
Atlantic Charter
Self determination for colonies. 1941-Pledge signed by US president FDR and British prime minister Winston Churchill not to acquire new territory as a result of WWII amd to work for peace after the war
Nationalism
A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country
Who was for/against Philippine independence?
Republicans against, Democrats for
Commonwealth
A self-governing territory associated with another country. US controls trade and foreign policy, filipinos control domestic policy
What delayed Philippine independence?
They were invaded by Japan
Peace Corps
Federal program established by JFK to send volunteers to help developing nations. Will help win Hearts & Minds in the Cold War
Somalia
fought over due to strategic value
Two separate events that happened simultaneously
Decolonization and Cold War
Misperceptions during Cold War
US thought communism anywhere was controlled by the Soviet Union
Ho Chi Min and Vietnamese communists (nationalists first, communists second): no connection with the Soviet Union
Communism appealed to former colonies because it promised an end to exploitation