Genetics and Cellular Biology Review

Flashcards based on lecture notes covering genetics, cellular biology, and medical applications.

What is an example of a genotype?

Having two copies of the dominant allele.

There is much more calcium outside of a cell than inside the cell. If the cell uses transport to bring calcium into the cell, it needs to use active transport.

False

Which of the following represents an example of a gene?

The piece of DNA that encodes a cytokine protein.

Which statement about ATP is TRUE?

Many different enzymes can use ATP molecules as an energy source.

Why might two patients with breast cancer require different treatment strategies?

Because they may respond differently to treatments.

What happens when a B cell is activated?

It grows and divides to make more B cells that have the same B cell receptor.

Why do mutations in BRCA1 lead to cancer?

They cause cells to accumulate many mutations, some of which could cause cancer.

Are mutations in tumor suppressor genes protective against cancer?

False.

What is TRUE about Type 2 diabetes and insulin?

Cells throughout the body are insensitive to insulin.

What leads to drug resistance in a lung cancer patient?

A small number of cancer cells developed mutations that made them resistant.

What is the definition of inflammation?

It is the body's response to injury, which results in swelling and pain.

How do enzymes move vesicles within a cell?

By hydrolyzing ATP and using the energy from that reaction.

What is the purpose of the mRNA vaccine for COVID-19?

It will cause your body to make memory B and T cells that will recognize the virus.

How do CAR T cells function?

T cells are modified to have a new receptor that allows them to recognize and kill cancer cells.

What is the role of T cell receptors concerning immune checkpoints?

Receptors make T cells less active to prevent them from attacking normal cells.

Why does bleomycin have strong side effects?

Bleomycin also damages the DNA of normal cells, which can kill them too.

What is the expected eye color outcome if one parent is BB bb and the other is bb GG?

All of the children will have brown eyes.

What promotes cell growth and division?

Growth factors that cause the cell to continue through G1 phase.

How do inheritance patterns of X-linked recessive traits differ from other traits?

They have a different inheritance pattern compared to recessive traits determined by genes on chromosome 11.

What effect does a SNP in the coding region of a gene have on a trait?

Changing the sequence of a protein.