Progressivism

How many times between 1877 and 1897 did one party hold both the legislature and the presidency?

2 times.

What was Ulysses Grant presidency plagued with?

Scandals.

How did Rutherford B. Hays win the 1876 election?

Through a secret deal with Southern Democrats.

Who was the one honest president during the Gilded Age?

Grover Cleveland

What was the spoils system?

A system where Politicians awarded government jobs to loyal party workers regardless of their qualifications.

What were political machines?

A party organization that uses party incentives, like resources or money to secure voter loyalty.

Who was Thomas Nast?

A cartoonist who used his art to expose the illegal actions of Boss Tweed and the political machine(s) of New York.

What did the Pendleton Civil Service Act do?

Established a civil service commission, individuals who want to work for the government had to take and pass an exam the score of which would determine the job they were given.

What is the Gold Standard?

The government would use Gold as the basis for the nations currency.

What did Opponents of the Gold Standard want?

Fiat Money. (Currency not backed by gold but instead the word of the government.)

What was the Grangers?

An Association of farmers that’s goals consisted of providing education for farming techniques, and the regulation of railroad, grain elevator and interest rates.

What was Munn v. Illinois?

Court case that ruled that the state has the right to intercede and set maximum prices in order to protect competition.

What does the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) do?

Oversees Interstate transportation

What were the Populist Party Goals?

Speaking out against corruption, inadequate money supply, unresponsive government, government ownership of railroads, and women’s suffrage.

What lend to the end of the Populist Party?

William McKinley winning the election of 1896 and 1900.

What are Muckrakers?

Socially conscious journalist and other writers dramatizing the need for reform.

Who wrote the Jungle?

Upton Sinclair.

What led to the creation of the FDA?

The Jungle by Upton Sinclair.

What did the Keating-Owens Act do?

Ban child labor in all states.

What happened to the Keating-Owens Act?

It was ruled unconstitutional two years after its introduction by the Supreme Court.

What is Lockner v. New York?

A Supreme Court ruling that said that states can not dictate working hours to businesses.

What did the 17th Amendment do?

Changed the election of senators to be elected by individual voters not state legislatures.

What gave people the power to put a proposed law directly on the ballot in the next election through gaining enough citizen signatures?

Initiative

What allowed citizens to approve or reject laws passed by a legislature?

Referendum

What gave voters the power to remove public servants from office before their terms ended?

Recall

What did Florence Kelly do?

Founded the National Consumers League.

What was the National Consumers League? (NCL)

A group that gave special labels to good produced under fair safe and healthy working conditions, which it urged women to buy.

What was the Women’s Trade Union League?

A group which tried to improve the working conditions for women’s workers.

Who lead the Temperance movement?

Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

Who led the Women’s Christian Temperance Union?

Frances Willard

What did the 18th Amendment do?

Outlawed the sale of alcohol.

Who opened the first Planned Parenthood?

Margaret Sanger

Who were three women who were big activists for women’s sufferage?

Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Stanton, and Carrie Chapman Catt.

What did the 19th Amendment do?

It gave women the right to vote.

What did Booker T. Washington believe in?

Moving slowly towards racial progress.

What did W.E.B. Du Bois believe in?

Demanding racial progress.

What made Native Americans citizens, and gave them the full right to vote?

American Indian Citizenship Act of 1924

What was the Gentlemen’s Agreement?

An agreement between Japan and America, where Immigrants from Japan would no longer be segregated, but there would be no more Japanese immigrants coming in through work visas.

What did Plessy v. Ferguson do?

Upheld Jim Crow Laws.

Which president decided to segregate offices of the federal government?

Woodrow Wilson

What did Roosevelts Square Deal do?

• Kept the wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners and the poor

• Fair government did not mean everyone should get rich, or the government should help the lazy, but that everyone has a fair chance.

Who was called the “Trust Buster”?

Theodore Roosevelt

What number president was Theodore Roosevelt?

26th.

What did the Hepburn Act do?

• Gave the ICC greater powers, and allowed ICC to levy fines via court order.

What did good trusts and bad trusts mean?

Big businesses were only bad if they bullied smaller companies.

What was the Meat Inspection Act?

Provided federal agents with the power to inspect any meat sold across state lines and required federal inspections of meat processing plants.

What did the pure food and drug act do?

• Placed restrictions on food and medicine

• Banned the sale of impure food

• Remains today as the FDA

What gave government control over the telephone and telegraph?

Mann-Elkins Act.

Who brought more lawsuits against corporations, Talt or Roosevelt?

Talt brought twice as many lawsuits.

What is New Nationalism?

A program to restore the governments trustbusting power.

What was New Freedom?

• Looked a lot like New Nationalism

• Strict government controls on corporations

• Aimed to provide more opportunities and freedom for small businesses

• Won the Electoral College not the popular vote

What is the triple wall of privilege?

Tariffs, banks, and trusts.

What is the Underwood Tariff Act of 1913?

• Cut Tariffs on international goods to attempt to lower prices

• Provision to create graduated income tax

What did the 16th Amendment do?

Gave congress the power to collect an income tax without restrictions.