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What are Group 2 elements also known as?
Group 2 elements are known as the alkaline earth metals.
What is a notable physical property of Group 2 metals?
Group 2 metals are typically shiny and silvery-white in appearance.
How does the melting point of Group 2 elements change down the group?
The melting point generally decreases down the group.
What trend is observed in the atomic radius of Group 2 elements?
The atomic radius increases down the group.
What is the density trend in Group 2 elements?
Density generally increases down the group.
What is the reactivity trend in Group 2 elements?
Reactivity increases down the group.
What type of oxide do Group 2 metals form?
Group 2 metals form basic oxides.
What is the solubility trend of Group 2 hydroxides in water?
Solubility of Group 2 hydroxides increases down the group.
Give an example of a reaction characteristic of Group 2 elements with water.
Group 2 metals react with water to form hydroxides and hydrogen gas.
Describe the thermal stability of Group 2 carbonates.
Thermal stability of Group 2 carbonates increases down the group.
What happens to magnesium when it burns in air?
Magnesium burns in air to form magnesium oxide.
What type of ions do Group 2 elements typically form?
Group 2 elements typically form +2 cations.
How does magnesium react with water?
Magnesium reacts with water to produce magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen gas, but the reaction is slow at room temperature.
How does calcium react with water at room temperature?
Calcium reacts with water at room temperature to produce calcium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. Observations include the formation of bubbles of hydrogen gas and slight heating of the water.
How does strontium react with water at room temperature?
Strontium reacts with water at room temperature to form strontium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. The reaction is exothermic, resulting in the production of heat and the release of bubbles of hydrogen gas.
How does barium react with water at room temperature?
Barium reacts vigorously with water at room temperature to produce barium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. Observations include the release of hydrogen gas bubbles and noticeable heat generation.
How does the melting point of Group 2 elements relate to their structure and bonding?
The melting point of Group 2 elements is higher at the top of the group due to stronger metallic bonding in smaller atoms, which decreases down the group as atomic size increases and bonding becomes less effective.
What is the trend in atomic radius of Group 2 elements and why?
The atomic radius of Group 2 elements increases down the group due to the addition of extra electron shells, which outweighs the increase in nuclear charge and results in greater distances between the nucleus and the outermost electrons.
Explain the trend in first ionisation energy in Group 2 elements.
The first ionisation energy of Group 2 elements decreases down the group because the increase in atomic size and additional electron shells leads to a greater distance between the nucleus and the outermost electrons, resulting in reduced attraction and easier removal of the outermost electron.
What is the use of magnesium in the extraction of titanium from TiCl4?
In the Kroll process, magnesium acts as a reducing agent to convert titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) into titanium metal. The chemical equation for the process is: \[ 2TiCl_4 + 2Mg \rightarrow 2Ti + 2MgCl_2 \]
What is the relative solubility of magnesium hydroxide in water?
Magnesium hydroxide is relatively insoluble in water.
What is the relative solubility of strontium hydroxide in water?
Strontium hydroxide is relatively soluble in water.
What is the relative solubility of calcium hydroxide in water?
Calcium hydroxide is moderately soluble in water, forming a solution known as slaked lime.
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