TOPIC QUIZ: General Chemistry

Which among the processes of separating components of mixtures makes use of differences in solvent affinity?

Chromatography

When water undergoes electrolysis forming hydrogen and oxygen molecules, which of the following phrases BEST describes this occurrence?

Chemical change

Formation of dry ice:

Deposition

It forms a yellow, curdy precipitate that is readily soluble in potassium cyanide and in sodium thiosulphate solutions, very slightly soluble in concentrated ammonia solution, and insoluble in dilute nitric acid.

AgI

A weak oxidizing agent oxidizes glucose into

Gluconic acid

Which of the following refers to a kind of chemical reaction whereby a substance splits into a simpler substance?

Decomposition reaction

Determine the oxidation of chromium in potassium chromate with the chemical formula: KCrO4

6

The rate of the reaction is proportional to the product of the concentrate of the reactants to the power of its coefficient in a balanced equation.

Law of Mass Action

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons of an atom:

Mass number

Elements having the same number of protons

Isotopes

Elements having the different protons and neutrons but have the same mass number

Isobars

It gives the spatial orientation of the electron cloud with respect to the three areas in space:

Magnetic quantum number

This is used to describe the approximate measure of the size of the electron cloud.

Principal quantum number

This quantum number is related to the shape of atomic orbitals.

Azimuthal quantum number

Which of the following is TRUE regarding Pauli's Exclusion Principle?

An atom cannot have 2 electrons in the same energy level that have the same set of quantum numbers.

Principle which states that it is impossible to accurately determine simultaneously the position and motion of an electron.

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

Name this polyatomic anion: CIO4-

Perchlorate ion

Major cation of the extracellular fluid

Na+

What is the predominant ion in the intracellular fluid?

K-

What element predominates in plasma and interstitial fluids?

Sodium

What is the principal anion in the intracellular fluid compartment?

Phosphate

The major physiological ions include the following except

Phosphorus

Which of the following elements is NOT found as a component of extracellular fluids in humans?

Iodine in the form of iodide

Replacement therapy is needed when there is:

I. Heavy loss of water

II. Prolonged fever

III. a fracture

IV. Diarrhea

I, III, IV

In the cation analysis, group I ions are often called:

Insoluble chloride group

Chlorides may be precipitated by:

Silver nitrate

It forms white precipitate with HCl but blackens upon addition of ammonium hydroxide.

Mercurous

The ion that gives a white precipitate with HCl which is soluble in excess ammonium hydroxide but reprecipitated upon addition of nitric acid:

Silver

The modern periodic table of elements was prepared by:

Moseley

Which of the following does not belong to the period 2 in the periodic table?

H

Which of the following statements best describe the Periodic Table?

I. Helium is the first element in Group I-A

II. Non-metals occupy the upper right area of the periodic table.

III. Metals are located in the left are of the periodic table.

IV. Diagonally related elements are known as "bridge elements."

II, III, IV

The following are non-metals except:

B

The following elements form basic hydrides, EXCEPT:

Sulfur

Lightest of all metal

Lithium

Which of the alkali metals melts above 100°C?

Lithium

Which group is referred to as "alkali metals"?

Group I-A

Which of the following is referred to as the chalcogens?

VI-A

Also known as the salt forming group

Group VIIA

Which elements belong to Group VII-A?

F, Br

Which group is referred to as "coinage" metal?

Group I-B

Which of the following elements are referred to as volatile metals?

I. Cadmium

II. Mercury

III. Beryllium

IV. Zinc

I, II, IV

Which of the following elements are referred to as the triad of the Group VIII?

I. Co

II. Mn 

III. Ni

IV. Fe

I, III, IV

Which statements best describe the properties of elements in the periodic table, from the upper right corner, going down and then to the left?

I. Elements increase in metallic character

II. Elements become more electronegative

III. Elements become more basic

IV. Elements become less electronegative

I, III, IV

In the periodic table, when going across a period from right to left and top to bottom of a group, which of the following properties of elements increases?

Atomic size

MOST electronegative element?

F

Which of the following elements is the most reactive?

F

Arrange in decreasing electronegativity: F (z = 9) Br (z = 35) , Ca (Z = 20) Na (Z = m)

F > Br > Ca > Na

Which atom is the most metallic and has the largest atomic radius?

Francium

Which of the following elements is the most metallic?

I

Elements that exist in two or more crystalline forms are said to be

Polymorphic

This allotrope of Phosphorus is made by heating phosphorus at 200 degree celsius under a pressure of 1,200atm?

Black phosphorus

Polymorphs differ in their:

I. Bioavailability

II. Stability 

III. Melting Point

IV. Solubility

I, II, III, IV

Which of the following elements are amphoteric?

I. Beryllium

II. Zinc

III. Aluminum

IV. Calcium

II, III

All of the following physicochemical constants may be useful to predict the solubility of a compound EXCЕРТ ________.

Valence of the atoms

Which is NOT true for Mineral Oil USP?

Miscible with alcohol

Which of the following is NOT soluble or miscible in alcohol USP?

Acacia

Petrolatum USP is NOT soluble in

Ethyl alcohol

Which of the following is not a solvent for polyethylene glycol?

Mineral oil

Weight of solute in a given quantity of solvent is referred to as

Concentration

Which of the following is the concentration of a solution that contains one gram equivalent weight of solute in a liter of solution?

Normal solution

When acids are in solution, which of the following is released?

Protons

Which one of the following acid will undergo the least amount of ionization in water?

Boric acid

Will form a salt with acid.

Tertiary amines

Transfer of proton from one molecule to another identical molecule

Autoprotolytic

Which of the following is an example of triprotic acid?

Phosphoric acid

Reaction between a strong acid and a weak base.

C₂H₂NH₂ + HCI

Reaction between a weak acid and a strong base.

HF + Mg(OH)₂

The negative log of the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution.

pH

The following are conditions that lead to metabolic acidosis, except:

Hypertension

Which of the following will be used to correct acute metabolic alkalosis?

NaCl

Which salt is found in the bicarbonate buffer system of the extracellular fluid of the human body?

Sodium bicarbonate

The factors that may affect the pH of a buffer solution are as follows, except:

Constant temperature

What is the pH of a buffer solution containing acetic acid 0.35M and sodium acetate 0.45M? Ka of acetic acid is 1.75 x 10-5?

4.87

Which of the following refers to the amount of a strong acid or base that must be added to a liter of solution to change the pH by one unit?

Buffer capacity

The effect of the radioactive particles passing through biological tissue would depend upon which of the following characteristics?

I. The ability of the radiation to penetrate tissue

II. The nature of radiations emitted by radioactive elements

III. The energy of radiation

IV. The dose rate of the radiation

I, II, IV

Which of the following is correct regarding the handling and storage of radioactive materials?

I. Radioactive materials should never be touched by hand

II. Sufficient protective clothing must be used while handling the materials

III. Radioactive materials should be kept in suitable labeled containers

IV. Should be cost effectiveness

I, II, III

Which of the following statements is NOT true about half-life of radioisotopes?

The faster the isotopes decay the more stable it is.

Beta particles penetrate tissue up cm.

1

Which of the following type of radiation has the greatest penetrating power?

Gamma radiation

Which of the following is NOT used as the unit of measure for radioactivity?

Volts

1 Becquerel is equivalent to

2.7 x 10^-11 curie

Negative electrode

Cathode

A rule that states that when a stress is applied to a system in equilibrium, the equilibrium shifts to relieve the stress.

Le Chatelier's Principle

Which of the following can cause a shift in chemical equilibrium?

Concentration

Affects the rate of reaction according to collision theory

Physical state, Surface area, Temperature, Presence of catalyst, Concentration

Enthalpy in thermodynamics means:

Heat content

Select the statement that BEST describes solubility of solids in liquids.

The solubility of a solid depends on the temperature, melting point, and molar heat of fusion.

If enthalpy is positive, the reaction is:

Endothermic

Which of the following describes potential energy?

Water inside a big dam.

It is a thermodynamic potential that can be used to calculate the maximum reversible work that may be performed by a thermodynamic system at a constant temperature and pressure.

Gibbs Free Energy

What is ΔG = 0?

Gibbs Free Energy

Conversion of thermal energy to mechanical energy.

1st Law of Thermodynamics

Identify the statement/mathematical expression, which does NOT express the First Law of Thermodynamics.

ΔE = EB + EA

A law that states that the entropy of a pure, crystalline solid at absolute zero temperature is zero.

Third

Select the concept that explains the thermodynamics state of a perfect crystal at absolute zero.

3rd Law of Thermodynamics

Which of the following statements best describes facilitated diffusion?

Carrier-specific

The following describes active transport, except:

Higher to lower concentration gradient

Movement of particles in the body which also means solvent shifts is referred to as

Movement of particles in the body

Which of the following are B-carboline derivatives isolated from sponges?

Eudistamine

Which of the following is a sulphated polysaccharide compound extracted from brown algae active herpes simplex virus?

Fucoidan