whap notes quiz 4/3

Hungarian Empire

The historical entity formed by 13 united tribes, known as the old Magyars, that raided Europe after transitioning from a feudal system to an empire.

Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867

An agreement establishing a dual monarchy where both Austria and Hungary have their own governments, but are ruled over by Emperor Franz Joseph.

Duel Monarchy

A political system where two separate kingdoms are ruled by a single monarch, as seen in the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary.

The Sick Man of Europe

A term used to describe the declining Ottoman Empire during the 19th century.

Pan-Slavism

A nationalistic movement aimed at uniting all Slavic peoples, particularly among the Russians, Serbians, and Bulgarians.

Young Turks

A reform movement in the early 20th century within the Ottoman Empire that aimed to modernize and secularize the country through the Committee of Union and Progress.

Dragutin Dimitrijevic "Apis"

A Serbian army officer involved in the regicide of 1903 who later became a proponent of Pan-Serbianism.

Ujedinjenje ili smrt

Translated as 'Unification or Death', it refers to a secret nationalist group in Serbia known as the 'Black Hand'.

Balkan Wars

Conflicts in the early 20th century where Balkan nations fought against the Ottoman Empire for territorial control.

Franz Ferdinand

Heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne whose assassination in 1914 sparked the outbreak of World War I.

Schlieffen Plan

Germany's military strategy to quickly defeat France by invading through Belgium before turning to fight Russia.

Trench Warfare

A type of combat during World War I where opposing troops faced each other in deep ditches, leading to a stalemate.

Total War

A war that requires the mobilization of an entire society's resources towards the war effort, impacting both military and civilian populations.

Zeppelin Raid on London

Air raids conducted by Germany during World War I aiming to terrorize the British public.

British Blockade of Germany

A naval blockade aimed at cutting off supplies to Germany during World War I, leading to severe food shortages.

Armenian Genocide

The deliberate and systematic extermination of the Armenian people by the Ottoman Empire during World War I.

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

The treaty signed in 1918 between the Bolshevik government of Russia and the Central Powers, withdrawing Russia from World War I.

Wilson's Fourteen Points

A set of principles for peace negotiations after World War I proposed by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson.

The Weimar Republic

The democratic government established in Germany post-World War I, criticized for its inability to stabilize the country.

Russian Revolution of 1917

The series of revolutions that dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the establishment of the Soviet Union.

Pals Battalion

Groups of friends who enlisted together in the British Army during World War I, often facing tragic losses.

Battle of Verdun

One of the longest and bloodiest battles of WWI, characterized by massive casualties and a stalemate.

Battle of the Somme

A significant WWI battle known for its high casualties and British use of wave attacks against entrenched positions.

Totalitarianism

A political system where the state seeks to regulate every aspect of public and private life.

Social Darwinism

The application of evolutionary concepts to human society, often to justify imperialism or racial superiority.

Militarism

The belief that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.

Nationalism

A political ideology that emphasizes the interests and culture of a particular nation, often in opposition to foreign influence.

Ethnic Nationalism

A form of nationalism wherein the nation is defined in terms of a shared heritage, which usually includes a common language, culture, and ancestry.

Propaganda

Information, often biased or misleading, used to promote a political cause or point of view.

Centrifugal Forces

Factors within a society or state that lead to its disintegration or fragmentation, often related to ethnic diversity.

Revolutionary Vanguard

A political elite who claim to represent the interests of the people but often enact dictatorial power.

Civil War in Russia

The conflict following the Russian Revolution of 1917, pitting the Red Army against various anti-Bolshevik forces.

Decentralization

The distribution of administrative powers or functions away from a central authority.

Class Struggle

The tension or antagonism in society due to competing socioeconomic interests and desires between people of different classes.

Internationalism

The idea that nations can benefit from collaboration and cooperation across borders.

Arms Race

A competition between nations for superiority in the quantity and quality of military arms.

War Communism

The economic policy adopted by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War, characterized by the nationalization of industry and government control of the economy.

New Economic Policy

A policy introduced by Lenin that allowed some private enterprise in order to stimulate the Soviet economy.

Proletariat

The working-class people, especially those who do not own the means of production.

Dictatorship of the Proletariat

A state in which the proletariat, or working class, has control of political power.

Soviet Union

The socialist state that existed from 1922 until its dissolution in 1991, encompassing Russia and various other republics.

Imperialism

The policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, military force, or other means.

Economic Imperialism

A situation in which a foreign power gains economic control over a country or region through financial investment and economic interests.

Neo-Colonialism

The practice of using capitalism, globalization, and cultural imperialism to influence a country, often used in the context of former colonies.

Militarized Society

A society in which military values and priorities dominate and influence all aspects of life.