11.1 Organic Chemistry

define hydrocarbon

a compound containing carbon and hydrogen only

define homologous series

a family of compounds with similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by the addition of a -CH2 group

define functional group

part of the organic molecule that is largely responsible for the molecule’s chemical properties

alcohol

hydroxy/ -ol

alkene

-ene

aldehyde -CHO

-al

ketone -C(CO)C-

-one

carboxylic acid -COOH

-oic acid

ester -COOC-

-oate

acyl chloride -COCl

-oyl chloride

amine -NH2

amino-/ -amine

nitrite -CN

-nitrite

define aliphatic

carbon atoms are joined to each other in unbranched or branched chains or non-aromatic rings

define alicyclic

carbon atoms are joined to each other in cyclic structures with or without branches

define aromatic

some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring

define alkane

containing single carbon-to-carbon bonds

define alkene

containing at least one double carbon-to-carbon bond

define alkyne

containing at least one triple carbon-to-carbon bond

alkyl

-yl