Muscles of the Shoulder and Upper Limb (2.2)

Supraspinatus

Supraspinatus

Located above the scapular spine, this muscle stabilizes and abducts the shoulder joint. It originates from the supraspinous fossa and inserts onto the greater tubercle of the humerus

Subscapularis

This muscle rotates the humerus medially and stabilizes the shoulder. It originates on the anterior surface of the scapula and inserts onto the lesser tubercle of the humerus

Infraspinatus

Located below the scapular spine, this muscle stabilizes and latterally rotates the shoulder joint. It originates from the infraspinous fossa and inserts onto the greater tubercle of the humerus

Teres minor

This muscle stabilizes and latterally rotates the shoulder joint. It originates from the lateral boarder of the scapula and inserts onto the greater tubercle of the humerus

Pectoralis major

Thick muscle that internally rotates, adducts, and flexes the arm. It originates from the clavicle, the lower portion from the sternum,the costal cartilage of the 1st to 6th ribs, and the external oblique muscles, and insets onto the lateral lip of the intertubercular groove.

Latissimus dorsi

Large, triangular muscle that adducts, extends, and internally rotates the arm. It originates from all lumbar and the lower half of the thoracic vertebrae, iliac crest and the sacrum, and inserts onto. the humerus and intertubercle groove

Biceps brachii

This muscle flexes the elbow and supinates the forearm. It originates from thecoracoid process and the supraglenoid tubercle, and inserts onto the radial tuberosity.

Brachialis

This muscle flexes the elbow. It originates on the lower anterior surface of the humerus, and inserts at the coronoid process

Triceps brachii

Tri-headed muscle that extends the arm. It originated from the humerus and the infraglenoid tubercle, and inserts onto the olecranon

Brachioradialis

This muscle flexes the elbow. It originates from the lateral epicondyle and inserts onto the styloid process