Chemistry

What are the physical properties of matter?

Color, luster, ductility, texture, boiling point, condensation point, melting point, freezing point, solubility, conductivity, odor, crystal formation, states of matter, viscosity, malleability, clarity.

What are chemical properties of substances?

Combustibility, reaction with acid, which shows evidence of a chemical change such as changing color, changing odor, formation of bubbles without heat, new white precipitate, solid formation, and a change in temperature and light.

What does (A + B) = AB represent?

Synthesis reaction.

What is the outcome of a decomposition reaction AB —> A + B?

A compound breaks down into its constituent elements.

What defines an exothermic reaction?

A reaction that releases energy.

What are the properties of ionic compounds?

Solid at room temperature, hard and brittle, high melting point, involve electron transfer.

How do molecular and covalent bonds differ?

They form between nonmetal atoms that share electrons; they can result in solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature and typically have low melting and boiling points.

What is the law of conservation of mass?

The mass of the reactants is equal to the mass of the products.

What are the properties of an acid?

Sour taste, soluble in water, act as electrolytes, react with metals and carbonates, turn blue litmus red, turn red litmus red, and phenolphthalein turns clear.

What are properties of bases?

Bitter taste, soluble in water, act as electrolytes, slippery feel, turn red litmus blue, and phenolphthalein turns pink.

How do you name binary acids?

Hydrogen becomes 'hydro', and the nonmetal name gets an 'ic' suffix.

What is complete combustion?

Occurs with excess O2, producing CO2 and H2O, often accompanied by a blue flame.

What indicates incomplete combustion?

Limited O2 supply resulting in products such as CO2, CO, CI, and H2O, often characterized by a yellow sooty color.