Chemistry

Chemistry

Physical properties

  • Color,

  • luster,

  • ductility

  • texture,

  • boiling condensation point

  • melting, freezing point

  • solubility,

  • conductivity

  • odor,

  • crystal formation

  • states of matter viscosity

  • malleability

  • clarity

Chemical Properties

  • Combustibility

  • reaction with acid

Evidence of a chemical change

  • changing colour,

  • changing odour

  • bubbles without heat,

  • new white precipitate, solid forms,

  • change in temperature and light

Describing Chemical Reactions

Reactants —> Products

Release energy: Exothermic = Product

Absorbed Energy: Endothermic= reactant

Types of chemical reactions

Synthesis: A + B = AB

Decomposition AB —> A + B

Single Displacement: AB + C —> AC + B

Double Displacement : AB + CD —> AD + CB

Combustion look for the hydrocarbon.

Acids and Bases

H Ions = hydrogen ions (acids)

OH Ions = hydroxide ions (bases)

An example of an acid is HCI which is stomach acid and it is also in a swimming pool, H2, S04, which is in car, batteries and detergent

An example of a base is NAOH which is in soap, CAOH which controls the acidity of soil

ionic compounds (metal + non metal)

Properties of ionic compounds

  • solid at room temperature

  • Hard and brittle

  • High meltingPoint

  • Electrons transfer

Molecular and covalent bonding

  • nonmetal plus nonmetal and they share electrons

properties

  • Solid liquid gas at room temp

  • Low melting and boiling points

  • Nonconductive

The law of conservation mass

The mass of the reactants is equal to the mass of the products

Properties of an acid

  • Sour taste

  • Soluble in water

  • Electrolytes

  • Reacts with Metals

  • React with carbonate

  • Turns blue litmus red

  • Turn red litmus red

  • Phenophallen —> clear

Properties of Bases

  • Bitter

  • Soluble in H2O

  • Electrolytes

  • Slippery

  • Turns blue litmus to blue

  • Turns red litmus blue

  • phenophalien — > pink

Naming acids and bases

Binary or Oxy (oxygen)

Oxy; drop hydrogen, “ate” —> “ic”, + add acid

Binary: hydrogen becomes hydro, non metal: “ic”

Bases; name like ionic plus add hydroxide

Complete combustion

  • Excessive O2

  • Products are CO2 in H2O

  • Blue flame

Incomplete combustion

  • O2 was limited

  • Products are CO2, CO, CI, H20

  • Yellow sooty colour