Rise of Mussolini - Treaty of London and Fascism

Nationalism

• View of the nation state, its culture and history, as a unifying force

• Desire to remove foreign influences

• Own nation seen as superior to other nations

Militarism

• Promotion of political violence and war as a method of revitalizing society

• Violence seen as necessary in order to progress

• Development of paramilitary organizations

Social Darwinism

• The belief that races have evolved as superior to other races

• “Survival of the fittest”

Social unity

Opposes class-based divisions in society and promotes collective national society

Authoritarianism

• Totalitarian; the state has influence or control over all aspects of society

• The people are subservient to the state

• Mussolini: “obedience not discussion”

5 characteristics of Fascism

Nationalism, Militarism, Social Darwinism, Social unity, Authoritarianism

Article 4

Italy is granted territorial gains, including the regions of Trentino, Southern Tyrol (up to the Bremner Pass), the city and district of Trieste, the Country of Gorizia and Gradisca, and the entirety of Istria.

Article 9

France, Great Britain, and Russia acknowledge Italy's interest in maintaining the political balance of power in the Mediterranean and assert that Italy should have rights to a share in the partition of Turkey, equal to those of the other powers.

Article 11

Italy is entitled to a portion of any war indemnity that reflects the scale of its sacrifices and contributions during the war.