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what is the main assumption of the cognitive approach regarding depression?
faulty thoughts & cognitions lead to abnormal behaviour
how did beck explain depression?
faulty thoughts & cognitions → negative schema → NATs → cognitive bias → depression
what are NATs?
negative automatic thoughts that are misplaced & dysfunctional
what are cognitive biases?
irrational thoughts with tendencies to maximise failures & minimise successes
what examples of cognitive biases are there?
minimisation
selective abstraction
maximisation
what is minimisation?
the bias towards minimising success e.g., good exam results are because it was an easy paper
what is maximisation?
the bias towards maximising the importance of even trivial failures e.g., not solving a crossword means they are stupid
what is selective abstraction?
a bias towards focusing on only the negative aspects of life
what is the negative triad?
3 negative schemata
negative view of the self
negative view of the world
negative view of the future
how did ellis explain depression?
the ABC model where more irrational thoughts than rational ones result in psychological disturbance
what is the ABC model?
activating events in life are accompanied by beliefs which have consequences
what is mustubatory thinking?
thinking that certain ideas must be true in order to be happy e.g., i must do well in school
what are the strengths of the cognitive approach to explaining depression?
research support - irrational thinking linked w depression - more errors in logic than non-depressed
suggests client is responsible for disorder - emphasis on client - power - HOWEVER - may lead to overlooking external factors
practical application - therapies - CBT - best treatment
what are the weaknesses of the cognitive approach to explaining depression?
more suitable explanation - biological - genetic predisposal - neurotransmitters - hormones - serotonin - success of SSRIs
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