According to ________, Hindu worshipers can be divided into 4 main Religious Constellations.
Indologist William Halfbass
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________ used Hindoo to refer to all Indian immigrants, regardless of religion.
Americans
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Shaivas who worship Shiva as supreme are ______.
monotheistic
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Soma
hallucinogenic plant, the intoxicating juice from that plant, and the god of all plants.
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Upanishads
later philosophical speculation on the Ultimate Reality to which Vedic rituals point, often presented as dialogues between teachers and students.
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Unlike ________, Muslims, and Buddhists, Hindus have not traditionally attempted to attract converts.
Christians
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Brahmanas
prose commentary on a given Veda, explaining, often via allegorical interpretation, the meanings of Vedic sacrifice and procedures for performing it.
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Hindus divide their scriptures into 2 categories:
smriti (what is remembered), and shruti (what is heard)
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Agni
second most important deity in Vedas.
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Who introduced Hinduism to the U.S. at the World's Parliament of Religions in Chicago 1893?
Swami Vivekananda
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________ who worship one of the avatars Vishnu, Krishna, and Rama as their deity of choice are monotheistic.
Vaishnavas
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Tantra
rose around devotional Hinduism, presented an alternative to the paths of ritual action, wisdom, and devotion.
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Kabir
15th- century poet viewed as a sharp- tongued champion of interreligious harmony.
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What do Hindus see rebirth as?
Hindus see rebirth, as being strapped on the hamster "wheel of redeath.
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Brahman
the all- pervading, impersonal Spirit of God.
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Indra
most important Vedic deity, warrior god, god of war, high god.
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Vedic Religion
Proto- Hinduism as a Way of Action.
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Exemplars
yogis, renouncers, and poet- saints.
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Athara Veda
"Priestly Knowledge: "later texts, including practical prayers, charms, and incantations used to bring on success and to ward off sickness.
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Hindu goddess Kali
Depicted as ferocious bc of her willingness to fight for justice for her devotees.
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What does the term Hindu point to?
Hindu was originally a geographical marker, pointing to ancient ppl who occupied the valley of the river Sindhu.
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The ________: Hinduism and a Way of Devotion.
Bhakti Tradition
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________ is the most photographed Hindu festival.
HoliHoli festival
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What do Festivals feature?
Feature theatrical performances rooted in episodes of the Mahabharata, the Ramayana, or popular vernacular epics.
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What is fueled by Karma>
The vicious cycle of life, death, rebirth, and redeath which is fueled by karma (means actions)
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________ devotees worship gods on their own times, in the temple and home.
Hindu
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What do Hindus refuse to do?
Refuse to self- identify, and instead think of themselves as inhabitants of particular regions, speakers of particular languages, and members of particular castes.
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What is Hinduism?
An umbrella term for a diverse array of religious concepts, symbols, beliefs, and behaviors.
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The three religions of release
Hinduism, Buddhism, and Sikhism
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Brahman
the all-pervading, impersonal Spirit of God
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Issue with Trimurti
overestimates the importance of Brahma, neglects Hinduisms many goddesses, and the most popular divinities in India are Shiva, Vishnu, the goddess Devi, and Ganesha
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Ganesha
elephant-headed son of Shiva and Parvati
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Problem
samsara, the unsatisfactory cycle of life, death, rebirth, and redeath
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Solution
moksha, release from this cycle
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Techniques
the disciplines of karma (action), jnana (wisdom), and bhakti (devotion)
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Exemplars
yogis, renouncers, and poet-saints
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Hindus divide their scriptures into 2 categories
smriti (what is remembered), and shruti (what is heard)
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Rig Veda "Verse Knowledge"
poems or chants praising god, recited by priests during sacrifices and other rituals
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Yajur Veda "Sacrifical Knowledge"
prose mantras or sacred formulas, to recite during these rites
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Sama Veda "Musical Knowledge"
hymns
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Athara Veda "Priestly Knowledge"
later texts, including practical prayers, charms, and incantations used to bring on success and to ward off sickness
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Indra
most important Vedic deity, warrior god, god of war, high god
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Agni
second most important deity in Vedas
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Varuna
moral god, guardian of cosmic order and social harmony
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Soma
hallucinogenic plant, the intoxicating juice from that plant, and the god of all plants
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Subclassifactions of Veda Texts (associated w/ the main Vedas listed earlier)
Rig, Yajur, Sama, Atharva
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Brahmanas
prose commentary on a given Veda, explaining, often via allegorical interpretation, the meanings of Vedic sacrifice and procedures for performing it
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Aranyakas
most ecstatic medications on the meanings of Vedic sacrifice, rooted in secret discussions of the Vedas among forest-dwelling renouncers
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Upanishads
later philosophical speculation on the Ultimate Reality to which Vedic rituals point, often presented as dialogues between teachers and students
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Kabir
15th-century poet viewed as a sharp-tongued champion of interreligious harmony
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Tantra
rose around devotional Hinduism, presented an alternative to the paths of ritual action, wisdom, and devotion
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