Psychology 8, 9, 10

Lawrence Kohlberg

________- interested in how we think about right and wrong.

Elisabeth Kubler Ross

________- was famous for studying death and dying.

Cognitive Scripts

________- psychologist term for our usual way of organizing concepts.

Denial

________ and Isolation- characterized by shock, numbness, and refusal to accept the news.

Psychoanalytic theory

________- way to express our latent sexual desires.

Deductive Reasoning

________- use of logic and algorithms to solve problems.

Human Development

________- the study of the lifelong process of change and the environmental and genetic factors that influence it.

Marijuana

________- from the cannabis plant, can result in changes in mood and behavior.

Christian

________- consciousness is part of our God- likeness and the way we interact with God and others.

sleep spindles

Stage 2: short bursts (________) of electrical voltage responding to sound.

addiction

Dependence /________- experiences unpleasant symptoms when not using the drug.

Withdrawal

________- symptoms felt when the drug is no longer in the system.

Tolerance

________- need to increase quantity if substance to get same effect.

Schemas

________- the way we organize concepts, also called our worldview.

REM Behavior Disorder

________- acting out violent /intense dreams.

Concepts

________- categories by which we describe the physical word (birds, fishing, death, love)

Acceptance

________- a quiet expectation.

Sedatives

________ or tranquilizers- they slow or depress neural activity.

Immanuel Kant

________- inborn characteristics and external world- drive development.

Heuristics

________- simple "rules of thumb "as a mental shortcut.

Anger Stage

________- feelings of injustice and "why me ?.

Naturalist

________- consciousness is simply a product of brain activities reserved for the most highly evolved creatures.

wrong solutions

Fixations- tendency to repeat ________.

James Braid

________- hypnotic induction using eye fatigue to induce hypnotic trance.

Meditation

________ is associated with long- term health benefits and stress reduction.

Depression

________- feelings of grief, ________, and hopelessness.

Perceptual Barriers

________- if perception is faulty, solution will be faulty.

basic mental abilities

Flexible- ________, abstract thinking, encoding short- term memories (new learning)

John Locke children

________ are born a blank slate "tabula rasa, "lead to behaviorism ideas (what is reinforced)

Reflex

Stepping ________- make stepping motion if held upright and feet lightly touch a surface.

Physiological dependence

________- physical symptoms when not using the drug.

Psychological dependence

________- mental or emotional discomfort when not using the drug.

Adaptive Theories

________- has some type of evolutionary advantage.

explicit free

The capacity to be explicitly aware of oneself and to make ________- will decisions.

Synthesis theory

Activation- ________- create dreams to explain the random impulses during sleep.

Authoritarian Parents

________- produce anxious withdrawn children.

Jean Jacques Rousseau children

________ are born good and then society and environment interfere with natural goodness.

Attachment

________- the lasting psychological connection between two people.

Evoluntional Theory

________- rehearse survival strategies.

Authoritative Parents

________- produce children who are friendly, cooperative, and self- reliant.

Conjunctive Concept

________- 2 or more features in common (clouds and cotton balls are both white and fluffy)

Pre Conventional Stage moral reasoning

________ based on avoiding punishment and advancing own interests.

Post Conventional Level moral reasoning

________ is based on internalized humanistic principles of justice, reciprocity, and human dignity.

Conventional Level moral reasoning

________ is based on conforming to the expectation of others and respect for authority.

Disjunctive Concepts

________-"either- or "same word with different meaning (word "strike)

Withdrawal

________ from opiates can be so sever that often use methadone (a long- acting opiate) to avoid ________ symptoms.

Naturalist

consciousness is simply a product of brain activities reserved for the most highly evolved creatures

Christian

consciousness is part of our God-likeness and the way we interact with God and others

Stage 1

falling asleep, heart and breathing rates drop, may have odd mental images

Stage 2

short bursts (sleep spindles) of electrical voltage responding to sound

Stage 3 and 4

breathing deepens, muscles relax, groggy and confused if awakened

Stage 5

REM (rapid eye movement) sleep

Adaptive Theories

has some type of evolutionary advantage

Newborns

18hrs

Teenagers

9 hrs

Adults

7-8 hrs

Sleep debt

the difference between the amount of time spent sleeping and amount of sleep needed

Sleep Apnea

stop breathing

REM Behavior Disorder

acting out violent/intense dreams

Evoluntional Theory

rehearse survival strategies

Activation-Synthesis theory

create dreams to explain the random impulses during sleep

Psychoanalytic theory

way to express our latent sexual desires

James Braid

hypnotic induction using eye fatigue to induce hypnotic trance

Tolerance

need to increase quantity if substance to get same effect

Dependence/addiction

experiences unpleasant symptoms when not using the drug

Withdrawal

symptoms felt when the drug is no longer in the system

Psychological dependence

mental or emotional discomfort when not using the drug

Physiological dependence

physical symptoms when not using the drug

-sedatives or tranquilizers

they slow or depress neural activity

-LSD

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide

-Marijuana

from the cannabis plant, can result in changes in mood and behavior

Cognition

the mental processes of thinking, feeling, perceiving, problem-solving, and remembering

Concepts

categories by which we describe the physical word (birds, fishing, death, love)

Simple concept

a single feature in common (bird)

Prototype

idea example of a concept (bird = robin vs. ostrich)

Conjunctive Concept

2 or more features in common (clouds and cotton balls are both white and fluffy)

Disjunctive Concepts

"either-or" same word with different meaning (word "strike")

Relation concepts

relationship between objects (bigger, closer, greener)

Schemas

the way we organize concepts, also called our worldview

Cognitive Scripts

psychologist term for our usual way of organizing concepts

Field Independent Thinkers

analytic and break thinking into smaller parts

Field Dependent Thinkers

big picture, meaning purpose

Deductive Reasoning

use of logic and algorithms to solve problems

Heuristics

simple "rules of thumb" as a mental shortcut

Perceptual Barriers

if perception is faulty, solution will be faulty

Fixations

tendency to repeat wrong solutions

Recapitulation theory

embryo development follows the path of evolutionary development of species, used to support evolution but is rejected

John Lockes theory

children are born a blank slate "tabula rasa"

Egocentric

thinking only about onself with no regard to others; self centered

Consciousness

Awareness, free-will, establishing relationships, attribute goals, decision making, and essence of Mankind's God-likeness

Piaget's 4 Cognitive Development Stages

Sensorimotor stage, Pre-operations stage, Concrete operational stage, Formal Operational stage

Sensorimotor stage

birth to 18 months; discover causality and object permanence

Pre-operations stage

18 months to 6 years; use symbols and langauge skills

Concrete operational stage

6 to 12 years; develop conversation, matter doesn't change because of form

Formal operational stage

12 to 18 years; Abstract thinking, use logic, hypothetical situations and draw conclusions

Freud's 5 Psycho-sexual stages

Oral stage, Anal stage, Phallic stage, Latency stage, Genital stage

Oral stage

Birth to 1 yr, gratification is mouth oriented

Anal stage

1 to 2 yrs, gratification centers on feces and parental expectations

Phallic stage

2 to 6 yrs, gratification centers on sexuality and genitals

Latency stage

6 to 12 yrs, sexual urges are dormant