Biology Heart, lungs and respiration 20 Questions

Where does gas exchange occur in humans?

In the lung air sacs called the alveoli.

Define gas exchange.

The movement of gases between the organism and the environment, namely oxygen and carbon dioxide.

What is the site of gas exchange in a plant?

The leaf using the stomata (pores) in the leaf.

What structures does air pass through to reach the alveoli?

Mouth, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.

What happens to the diaphragm during inhalation?

The diaphragm contracts, increasing lung volume and reducing pressure.

What is the function of the circulatory system?

Transports food such as glucose and oxygen to the cells of the body and removes waste products.

Which organ pumps blood around the body?

The heart.

Why are valves present in the heart?

To prevent backflow of blood and ensure blood travels only in one direction.

What is the route through the heart?

Vena Cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery to the lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta to the body.

What is the double circulatory system?

Blood passes through the heart twice in one complete cycle.

What tissue makes up the heart?

Muscle, known as cardiac muscle.

What is oxygenated blood?

Blood with a high concentration of oxygen from the alveoli of the lungs.

Which blood cell contains hemoglobin and transports oxygen?

Red blood cell.

Where is the pacemaker of the heart located?

In the wall of the right atrium.

What type of blood vessel allows material exchange with cells?

Capillaries.

What are the main three differences between arteries and veins?

Arteries have thicker walls, smaller lumen, and no valves compared to veins.

How is cardiac output calculated?

Cardiac Output = Heart rate X Stroke Volume.

Do arteries always transport blood away from the heart?

True.

Which blood cells can engulf pathogens or produce antibodies?

White blood cells.

What component of blood is necessary for clotting?

Platelets.

Name three substances transported in blood plasma.

Glucose, amino acids, hormones.

Is aerobic respiration the complete breakdown of glucose to release energy?

True.

Does anaerobic respiration in humans produce alcohol?

False; it produces lactic acid.

What is cardiovascular disease?

A disease of the heart and blood vessels due to the build-up of fatty material.

What medication is prescribed to reduce LDL cholesterol?

Statins.