Biology Heart, lungs and respiration 20 Questions

State the site of gas exchange in

humans The lung air sacs called the alveoli.

2. Define gas exchange The movement of gases between the organism and the environment, namely oxygen and carbon dioxide.

3. Name the site of gas exchange in a

plant The leaf using the stomata (pores) in the leaf.

4. What structures does air pass through

to reach the alveoli when breathed in

(inhaled) Mouth, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles

5. What happens to the diaphragm

during breathing in? Diaphragm contracts. Lung volume increases (reducing pressure)

6. State the function of the circulatory

system Transports food such as glucose and oxygen to the cells of the body and it removes waste products.

7. Name the organ that pumps blood

around the body Heart

8. Why are valves present in the heart To prevent backflow of blood and to make sure blood travels only in one direction through the heart.

9. What is the route through the

heart? Vena Cava, Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery to the lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta to the body.

9b. What is the double circulatory

system Blood passes through the heart twice in one complete cycle. To the lungs from the right-hand side and to the body cells from the left.

10. What tissue is the heart made

from? Muscle, known as cardiac muscle. It can contract to pump blood out of the heart.

11. What is oxygenated blood? It is blood that has a high concentration of oxygen in it having gained this by diffusion at the alveoli of the lungs.

12. Name the type of blood cell that

contains haemoglobin and

transports oxygen. Red blood cell

13. Where is the pacemaker of the

heart? In the wall of the right atrium

14. What type of blood vessel allows the

exchange of materials from the blood

with the cells? Capillaries Walls are only one cell thick.

15. What are the main 3 differences

between the structure of arteries

and veins? Arteries have thicker layers of muscle and elastic tissue in their walls than veins. Arteries have a small lumen most of the time, veins have a larger lumen. Arteries do not have valves, veins do.

16. How to calculate cardiac output? Cardiac Output = Heart rate X Stroke Volume

17. Arteries always transport blood away

from the heart, true or false True

18. Which type of blood cell can either

engulf pathogens, produce

antibodies or produce antitoxins? White blood cells

19. What component of blood is

needed for blood clotting? Platelets

20. State 3 substances transported in the blood plasma. 3 from; glucose, amino acids, hormones, water, urea, carbon dioxide, antibodies, antitoxins.

21. Aerobic respiration is the complete

breakdown of glucose to release lots of

energy. True or false? True

22. Anaerobic respiration in humans and

bacteria forms alcohol. True or false? False, alcohol and carbon dioxide are made by plants and fungi in anaerobic respiration. Animal and bacterial cells make lactic acid.

23. What is cardiovascular disease It is a disease of the heart and blood vessels due to the build-up of fatty material in the coronary arteries reducing blood flow to the heart muscle

24. What medicine is prescribed to reduce

the level of LDL cholesterol in the body

to reduce the risk of CV disease? Statins. Mechanical devices called stents can also be placed in the blood vessels to open the lumen and improve blood flow.