Music History 3Final Exam

For Music History 3 at Harding University

La Monte Young

Composer whose music centers on a small number of pitches explored at great length.

Terry Riley

A member of La Monte Young’s ensemble known for exploring patterns through repetition and tape loops.

Steve Reich

Composer who developed a quasi-canonic procedure with musicians playing the same material out of phase.

Phillip Glass

Composer influenced by Indian music and studied at Juilliard, known for melodiousness and consonance.

John Adams

Composer who blends minimalist techniques with a variety of other musical approaches.

R. Murray Shafer

Canadian composer known for diverse styles and environmental music, often inspired by extramusical ideas.

Peter Schickele (P.D.Q. Bach)

Composer known for stylistic allusion, primarily working in tonal music.

Ellen Taffe Zwilich

First woman to win the Pulitzer Prize in music.

Arvo Pärt

Estonian composer known for his instantly recognizable style and influence from Gregorian chant.

Joan Tower

American composer whose many works are based on visual images.

Minimalism

Leading musical style of the late 20th century, characterized by simplified procedures and reduced elements.

Post-minimalism

Movement beginning in the 1980s influenced by minimal music, incorporating diverse styles like rock and jazz.

Environmental music

Music pieces that break out of the concert hall, like Shafer's 'Music for Wilderness Lake'.

Postmodernism

Musical approach that abandons continuous development and embraces a mix of musical idioms and styles.

Polystylism

Aspect of postmodernism that combines new and older styles through quotation or stylistic allusion.

Tintinnabuli

A method developed by Arvo Pärt characterized by bell-like sonorities and counterpoint in music.

Neo-Romanticism

Late 20th-century trend of composers adopting 19th-century romantic music's familiar tonal idioms.

Decentralized music production

The ability for anyone to create, record, produce, and distribute music.

Mashup

Combination of elements from two or more recordings, such as a vocal line from one song with another's instrumental track.

Streaming

Process of delivering digital media directly through a website or application without downloading.

Eric Whitacre

Composer known for choral and wind ensemble works, often incorporating aleatoric elements.

Eric Ewazen

Composer focused on tonal, post-romantic works, particularly for winds and strings.

Steven Mackey

Composer influenced by rock, jazz, and avant-garde, known for works involving electric guitar.

Christopher Rouse

Composer who blends classical training with pop styles, including a work celebrating John Bonham.

Julia Wolfe

Composer whose work brings together classical forms, minimalism, and rock energy, won Pulitzer Prize for 'Anthracite Fields'.

Jennifer Higdon

Composer of 'blue cathedral', reflecting accessible modernism; won Pulitzer for her violin concerto.

George Rochberg

Composer who shifted from serialism to quotation in the 1960s and explored romantic styles in the 1970s.